直接原因不等于情感解释,模型可能误把相似词当证据。
They Are Not the Same: Direct Causes Are Not Grounded Emotion Explanations

- 区分直接触发与上下文支持,揭示情感解释的深层机制
- 90.9%原始正例仍为情感-原因对,但二元任务掩盖了真实解释
- 模型易受捷径诱导,高准确率不代表真正理解情感成因
情感-原因对抽取(ECPE)旨在解释情绪产生的原因,但当前常被简化为二元对/非对预测。该代理任务虽有利于直接原因提取,却容易被误解为真实的情感解释依据。在IEMO-MECP数据集上,90.9%的原始正例仍为情感-原因对,95.0%的原始负例仍为非对,表明二元任务基本保持有效。问题在于,仅靠直接触发因素无法构成可靠解释。情感上下文(emo-context)——即帮助理解目标情绪但不直接引发它的语句——出现在原始边界两侧,并在二元不确定区域附近更丰富,说明二元边界缺乏稳定位置来容纳此类话语证据。评估的多个ECPE模型显示,直接触发因素比上下文支持更易恢复。在捷径压力下,这种不平衡变得关键:二元训练模型对邻近词汇相似的非对候选赋予更高评分,而非结构复杂但有支持的真情感-原因或情感-上下文对。因此,配对得分可能奖励便捷归因而非真实解释。高二元ECPE性能仅说明模型能识别直接触发,不表示其已解释情绪。
原文摘要 · Abstract (English)
Emotion-Cause Pair Extraction (ECPE) was introduced to explain why an emotion occurs, but this goal is now often reduced to binary pair/non-pair prediction. This proxy is useful for direct-cause extraction, yet easy to over-read as evidence grounded emotion explanation. We show that this interpretation is only partially valid. In IEMO-MECP, 90.9% of original positives remain emo-cause and 95.0% of original negatives remain non-pair, confirming that the binary ECPE task is largely preserved. The problem is that direct triggers alone do not constitute a grounded explanation. Emo-context, an utterance that helps interpret a target emotion without directly causing it, appears on both sides of the original boundary and is enriched near binary uncertainty, showing that the binary boundary has no stable place for such discourse evidence. Across evaluated ECPE models, direct triggers are recovered more reliably than contextual support. Under shortcut pressure, this imbalance becomes consequential. Binary-trained models assign higher pair scores to nearby lexically similar non-pair candidates than to evidence supported but structurally harder emo-cause and emo-context pairs. Thus, pair scores can reward convenient attributions over grounded explanations. High binary ECPE performance indicates that a model can identify direct triggers; it does not indicate that the model has explained the emotion. Code is publicly available at https://github.com/panzhzh/ECPExsame.
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