无需自回归的神经算子,让偏微分方程长期预测更稳定。
Autoregression-Free Neural Operators for Time-Dependent PDEs

- 将物理场演化映射到隐空间,用连续向量场建模时间动态
- 在六类偏微分方程上,长期预测误差显著低于基线方法
- 支持参数变化下的动态建模,适合复杂系统仿真场景
神经算子学习从函数输入到解的映射,为求解偏微分方程(PDE)提供有效框架。对于时变PDE,现有方法通常通过自回归滚动直接在高维物理场空间中进行长时程预测,每一步输出作为下一步输入。虽然短期有效,但自回归机制与缺乏连续时间建模导致长期滚动中误差持续累积。本文提出无自回归神经算子(AFNO),将PDE的时间演化映射至隐空间,并在其中建模连续时间向量场。AFNO采用流匹配学习隐空间向量场,实现长时间尺度上的连续演化,避免自回归滚动,并通过显式条件化物理参数捕捉不同参数配置下的动态行为。理论分析与对六类PDE的大量实验表明,相比基线方法,AFNO在长时程预测中稳定性更强,滚动误差持续降低。
原文摘要 · Abstract (English)
Neural operators learn mappings from function-dependent inputs to solutions, providing an effective framework for solving partial differential equations (PDEs). For time-dependent PDEs, existing methods typically perform long-horizon prediction through autoregressive rollout directly in high-dimensional physical field spaces, where each predicted state is recursively fed back as the input for the next step. Although effective for short-term prediction, this autoregressive rollout and the lack of continuous-time modeling lead to progressive error accumulation over long-horizon rollouts. In this work, we propose Autoregression-Free Neural Operators (AFNO), which map the time evolution of PDEs into a latent space and model continuous-time vector fields within it. AFNO uses flow matching to learn the latent vector field, thereby enabling continuous evolution over extended horizons, avoiding autoregressive rollout and capturing dynamics under varying parameter configurations through explicit conditioning on physical parameters. Theoretical analysis and extensive experiments on six PDEs demonstrate that AFNO improves long-horizon prediction stability and consistently reduces rollout errors compared with the baselines.
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