arXiv:2605.25422eess.SPcs.AI2026-05

针对多智能体协作的通信延迟问题,提出动态选择传输方式并分配资源的新方法。

A Token/KV-Cache Communication Media Selection and Resource Allocation Strategy for Multi-Agent Collaboration

论文配图:A Token/KV-Cache Communication Media Selection and Resource Allocation Strategy for Multi-Agent Collaboration
图 1 · 摘自论文原文
  • 根据网络条件和计算能力,智能选择令牌或键值缓存传输
  • 在不同场景下比纯文本或纯缓存方案降低显著延迟
  • 适合6G时代需要高效协作的智能体系统设计

大语言模型与6G网络的融合正推动自主多智能体协作新范式,这将大幅增加东西向流量。尽管潜在空间交互机制相比符号化自然语言交换更高效,但现有研究常忽略实际无线环境下的通信开销。在具身多智能体场景中,异构交互介质带来不同的推理与传输成本,形成内在端到端(E2E)延迟权衡。为此,我们提出联合设计通信介质选择与无线资源分配。通过分析建模与仿真评估,发现无论是基于令牌还是键值(KV)缓存的传输,并非在所有场景下均最优,性能高度依赖于可用算力和信道条件。因此,我们构建了以最小化多智能体协作端到端延迟为目标的联合优化问题,并设计了一种低复杂度的联合媒体选择与资源分配(JMSRA)算法。数值结果表明,通过自适应协调异构链路的交互介质与带宽分配,所提方案相比传统仅用自然语言或仅用KV缓存的基线,显著降低了端到端延迟,实现了未来无线网络中高效且鲁棒的多智能体协作。

原文摘要 · Abstract (English)

The convergence of large language models (LLMs) with 6G networks is fostering a paradigm of autonomous multi-agent cooperation, which in turn is expected to substantially increase east-west traffic. Although latent-space interaction mechanisms can enable more efficient collaboration than symbolic natural-language (NL) exchanges, prior work often abstracts away the associated communication overhead under practical wireless constraints. In embodied multi-agent settings, heterogeneous interaction media incur disparate inference and transmission costs, thereby inducing an inherent end-to-end (E2E) latency trade-off. To address this, we propose a joint design that integrates communication-media selection with wireless resource allocation. Through analytical characterization and simulation-based evaluation, we show that neither token-based transmission nor key-value (KV) cache-based transmission is uniformly optimal across operating regimes, as performance depends critically on system parameters such as available computational resources and channel conditions. Accordingly, we formulate a joint optimization problem aimed at minimizing the E2E latency of multi-agent collaboration and develop a low-complexity joint media selection and resource allocation (JMSRA) algorithm. Numerical results further confirm that, by adaptively coordinating the interaction media and bandwidth allocation over heterogeneous links, the proposed scheme achieves markedly reduced E2E latency relative to conventional NL-only and KV-cache-only baselines, enabling efficient and robust multi-agent collaboration in future wireless networks.

多智能体6G网络延迟优化资源分配

Thank you to arXiv for use of its open access interoperability. PaperDance 不是 arXiv 官方产品;中文卡片由大模型生成,请以原文为准。