arXiv:2605.25888cs.LGmath.OC2026-05

提出高效订单履约策略,平衡当前与未来配送成本。

Optimal and Order-optimal Gated Priority-based Greedy Policies for Two-layer Multi-item Order Fulfillment

论文配图:Optimal and Order-optimal Gated Priority-based Greedy Policies for Two-layer Multi-item Order Fulfillment
图 1 · 摘自论文原文
  • 基于门控优先级的贪心策略,实时决定是否本地配送
  • 理论证明策略性能接近最优规划者,且适用于变化成本场景
  • 适合电商物流系统设计者参考,尤其关注库存保护与拆单决策

我们研究电商平台在两层配送网络中,面对多商品客户订单逐个到达、未来需求未知时,如何做出实时履约决策。核心管理矛盾在于:是否使用有限的前置仓(FDC)库存来降低当前履约成本,还是保留库存以应对未来可能更值得本地服务的订单。本文构建了一个对抗性在线模型,包含多个FDC、一个区域仓(RDC)、多单位多商品订单,以及物品特异性和时间变化的可变成本。目标是刻画简单、可解释、可实施的履约规则何时能近乎媲美全知最优规划者。我们提出一类门控优先级贪心策略,在时间变化和不变成本结构下均给出竞争比保证,并建立任意在线算法的匹配或近似匹配下界。数值实验表明,所提策略在性能上显著优于广义短视和预测型基准。分析为管理层提供了关键指导:何时应保护本地库存、拆单是否值得承担固定成本,以及固定与可变成本相对大小如何影响复杂优化的价值。

原文摘要 · Abstract (English)

We study how an e-commerce firm should make real-time fulfillment decisions in a two-layer distribution network when multi-item customer orders arrive sequentially and future demand is unknown. The central managerial tension is whether to use scarce front distribution center (FDC) inventory to save current fulfillment cost or preserve that inventory for future orders that may be more valuable to serve locally. We formulate an adversarial online model with multiple FDCs, one regional distribution center (RDC), multi-unit multi-item orders, and item-specific and time-varying variable costs. Our theoretical objective is to characterize when simple, interpretable, and implementable fulfillment rules can perform nearly as well as an optimal clairvoyant planner. We develop a family of Gated Priority-based Greedy policies, derive competitive-ratio guarantees under both time-varying and time-invariant cost structures, and establish matching or near-matching lower bounds for any online algorithm. Numerical experiments show that the proposed policies perform strongly relative to generalized myopic and forecast-based benchmarks. The analysis yields managerial guidance on when local inventory should be protected, when splitting orders is worth the fixed-cost burden, and how the relative magnitudes of fixed and variable costs determine the value of more sophisticated optimization.

供应链优化在线决策物流调度

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