arXiv:2605.25920cs.CLcs.AI2026-05被引 1

让大模型学会时间推理,精准匹配法律时效性。

Can LLMs Time Travel? Enhancing Temporal Consistency in Legal Agentic Search through Reinforcement Learning

论文配图:Can LLMs Time Travel? Enhancing Temporal Consistency in Legal Agentic Search through Reinforcement Learning
图 1 · 摘自论文原文
  • 用强化学习融合本地法规检索与网络搜索,实现时间一致性。
  • 在13项法律任务中,准确率比顶尖模型高29.8%,时序一致提升80.3%。
  • 适合法律AI研发者和司法科技从业者参考使用。

尽管具备代理搜索能力的大语言模型在法律推理中展现出潜力,但它们忽视了法律适用必须与案件时间背景匹配这一基本原则——溯及既往的法律适用违背核心法治原则,导致错误结论。我们观察发现,现有法律LLM存在训练截止时间锚定的时间偏差,而搜索代理很少在查询中引入时间约束,仅靠网络搜索也难以提供法律推理所需的精确法条与判例引用。为此,我们提出LegalSearch-R1,一个端到端的强化学习框架,结合本地法条RAG实现精准条文匹配,同时利用在线网络搜索获取更广泛的法律知识,并在跨越多个修订周期的时序标注数据上进行训练,以强制保证时间一致性。在涵盖13个法律任务的基准测试中,我们的7B参数代理在性能上超越当前最先进深度研究框架和专业法律LLM达12.9%至29.8%,在时序一致性指标上相较基线提升57.7%至80.3%,并表现出稳健的跨领域泛化能力。代码与数据已开源:https://github.com/AlexFanw/LegalSearch-R1。

原文摘要 · Abstract (English)

While large language models (LLMs) augmented with agentic search capabilities show promise for legal reasoning, they overlook a fundamental constraint that applicable law must match the temporal context of each case, as retroactive application of statutes violates core legal principles and leads to erroneous conclusions. Our observations reveal that current legal LLMs suffer from temporal bias anchored to their training cutoff, while search agents rarely incorporate temporal constraints into queries, and that web search alone cannot provide the precise statute and precedent citations that legal reasoning demands. To address these challenges, we propose LegalSearch-R1, an end-to-end reinforcement learning framework that pairs local statute RAG for precise article matching with online web search for broader legal knowledge, trained on temporally-indexed data spanning multiple amendment periods to enforce temporal consistency. Extensive experiments on our benchmark covering 13 legal tasks demonstrate that our 7B-parameter agent outperforms state-of-the-art deep research frameworks and specialized legal LLMs by 12.9% to 29.8%, surpasses baselines by 57.7% to 80.3% on temporal consistency, and exhibits robust out-of-domain generalization. The code and data are available at https://github.com/AlexFanw/LegalSearch-R1.

法律AI强化学习时序一致性RAG

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