用深度学习实现快速在线去伪影，提升心脏MRI实时成像效率
Rapid online deep artifact suppression for real-time spiral bSSFP CMR with blipped-CAIPI simultaneous multi-slice imaging at 1.5 T
- 采用3D U-Net在图像域抑制伪影，实现快速在线重建
- 重建速度比压缩感知快50倍，扫描时间缩短至15秒
- 适合需要快速无呼吸心跳成像的临床心脏磁共振场景
目的：实时（RT）bSSFP MRI可实现快速自由呼吸心血管成像，但需10-16个切片评估功能，导致扫描时间较长。并行多层（SMS）成像可缩短采集时间，但与非笛卡尔轨迹结合时依赖迭代重建，无法实现实时在线使用。本研究探索深度去伪影技术，以实现实时并行多层（RT-SMS）的快速在线重建。方法：在1.5 T下实现螺旋bSSFP SMS实时序列，同时采集两层图像。重建流程为：先在k空间进行层分离，再在图像空间使用3D U-Net进行深度伪影抑制。对10名健康志愿者进行扫描，比较深度去伪影与压缩感知（CS）重建在图像质量与重建时间上的差异。对比了实时并行多层（RT-SMS）深度去伪影与参考标准屏气（BH）成像在左心室（LV）和右心室（RV）舒张末期容积（EDV）、收缩末期容积（ESV）及左心室质量（LVM）方面的结果。结果：RT-SMS采集速度约为屏气成像的13倍（15秒 vs 3分15秒）。使用深度去伪影的重建速度比压缩感知快约50倍（30秒 vs 24分55秒）。深度去伪影在定量与定性图像质量上均显著优于压缩感知（p<0.001）。RT-SMS与屏气成像在功能参数上一致性良好（LVEDV: -7.5 ± 6.8 ml，LVESV: -0.9 ± 4.2 ml，RVEDV: -6.4 ± 8.4 ml，RVESV: 0.2 ± 10.7 ml，LVM: -10.3 ± 11.0 g）。结论：基于在线深度去伪影重建的实时并行多层bSSFP心脏磁共振，可在大幅缩短采集与重建时间的同时，保持诊断级图像质量，实现自由呼吸短轴覆盖。
原文摘要 · Abstract (English)
Purpose: Real-time (RT) bSSFP MRI enables fast free-breathing cardiovascular imaging but requires 10-16 slices for functional assessment, resulting in prolonged scan times. Simultaneous multi-slice (SMS) imaging can reduce acquisition time but when combined with non-Cartesian trajectories, it relies on iterative reconstructions that preclude online use. This study investigates deep artifact suppression to facilitate rapid, online reconstruction of RT-SMS. Methods: A spiral bSSFP SMS RT sequence with two simultaneously acquired slices was implemented at 1.5 T. Reconstruction used slice separation in k-space, followed by deep artifact suppression in image space using a 3D U-Net. Ten healthy volunteers were imaged. RT-SMS image quality and reconstruction time were compared between deep artifact suppression and compressed sensing (CS) reconstructions. Left (LV) and right (RV) ventricular volumes at end diastole (EDV) and end systole (ESV) and LV mass (LVM) were compared between RT-SMS with deep artifact suppression and reference-standard breath-hold (BH) imaging. Results: The RT-SMS acquisition was ~13x faster than BH imaging (15 s vs 3 min 15 s). RT-SMS reconstruction using deep artifact suppression was ~50x faster than CS (30 s vs 24 min 55 s). Deep artifact suppression consistently outperformed CS in quantitative and qualitative image quality (p<0.001). Functional agreement between BH and RT-SMS with deep artifact suppression was good (LVEDV: -7.5 +/- 6.8 ml, LVESV: -0.9 +/- 4.2 ml, RVEDV: -6.4 +/- 8.4 ml, RVESV: 0.2 +/- 10.7 ml, LVM: -10.3 +/- 11.0 g). Conclusion: Online deep artifact suppression reconstruction for RT-SMS bSSFP CMR enables free-breathing short-axis coverage with a substantial reduction in acquisition and reconstruction time while maintaining diagnostic image quality.
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