arXiv:2605.26163cs.ITcs.LG2026-05

提出对抗性注水算法,解决卫星频谱共享中的实时干扰问题。

Adversarial Water-Filling: Theory, Algorithms and Foundation Model

论文配图:Adversarial Water-Filling: Theory, Algorithms and Foundation Model
图 1 · 摘自论文原文
  • 构建对抗性注水优化模型,融合图神经网络与隐变量捕捉水位动态。
  • 在离散星座下实现比传统方法快十倍以上的求解速度,支持多种约束条件。
  • 适用于低轨卫星多运营商频谱共享场景,可泛化至未见规模问题。

在多运营商低地球轨道(LEO)卫星频谱共享中,不同星群的传输会实时产生干扰,此类竞争性资源分配问题可建模为发射功率与最坏干扰之间的极小极大博弈。在高斯信道下,对抗性注水(AWF)在非退化活跃信道上具有强凸-凹性质;而离散星座则导致一般非凸的汞/注水形式。本文提出对抗性注水(AWF)问题及其理论与算法框架,并开发了一种无线基础模型来学习AWF的搜索动态。该模型采用置换不变的信道表示、考虑约束的稀疏消息传递图神经网络及捕捉低维水位信息的全局隐变量。通过学习的投影外梯度迭代,模型逼近汞/注水条件下约束极小极大问题的平稳解。进一步证明,在局部正则性与压缩性条件下,学习到的AWF动力学在规则平稳点附近局部线性收敛。实验表明,模型在未见问题规模、不同约束和多个离散星座下均展现出良好泛化能力,且运行时间比迭代基线提升超一个数量级。相关代码见:https://github.com/convexsoft/AWF。

原文摘要 · Abstract (English)

Competitive resource allocation problems over frequency and space can be formulated as minimax interaction between transmit power and worst-case interference. This formulation naturally arises in multi-operator low Earth orbit (LEO) satellite spectrum sharing, where transmissions from competing constellations interfere in real-time. Under Gaussian channels, AWF is strongly convex--concave on nondegenerate active channels, whereas discrete constellations yield generally nonconvex mercury/water-filling formulations. In this paper we propose the Adversarial Water-Filling (AWF) problem with corresponding theory and algorithms for these real situations. In addition, we develop a wireless foundation model for AWF to learn the AWF search dynamics. The architecture incorporates permutation-invariant channel representations, a constraint-aware graph neural network (GNN) with sparse message passing, and global latent variables capturing the low-dimensional water level implied by the AWF optimality. Through learned projected extragradient iterations, the model approximates stationary solutions of the constrained minimax problem arising under mercury/water-filling. We further show that, under local regularity and contractivity conditions, the learned AWF dynamics converge locally linearly around regular stationary points. Experiments demonstrate empirical generalization across unseen problem sizes, different constraints, and multiple discrete constellations, while achieving more than one-order-of-magnitude runtime improvements over iterative baselines. The related code can be found at https://github.com/convexsoft/AWF.

资源分配卫星通信图神经网络优化算法

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