用实验数据引导生成模型,精准预测蛋白质复合物构象。
Co-folding model guided by structural proteomics

- 用XL-MS和HDX-MS数据构建可微分物理势能,引导扩散模型采样
- 在诱导邻近靶点上准确率超越纯计算模型Boltz-2
- 适合药物设计中需要精确构象的蛋白质复合物研究
蛋白质结构生成模型虽能从序列预测单个蛋白的静态结构,却常无法捕捉蛋白质复合物的正确构象状态,而这对抗体与PROTAC等诱导邻近类药物设计至关重要。尽管交叉链接质谱(XL-MS)和氢氘交换质谱(HDX-MS)提供空间与动态信息,但如何将这些稀疏、异构的实验数据融入生成模型仍是难题。本文提出AIMS-Fold,一种基于预训练扩散模型生物物理先验、在推理阶段通过可微分物理势能引导生成路径的框架,利用XL-MS的空间约束和HDX-MS的溶剂可及性数据。实验表明,单独使用任一技术均提升预测精度,联合使用更产生协同增益。关键在于,借助实验约束,AIMS-Fold在挑战性的诱导邻近靶点上优于纯计算的前沿模型Boltz-2。该框架为诱导邻近类药物的结构基础设计提供了强大整合方法。代码将在发表后公开。
原文摘要 · Abstract (English)
Protein structure generative models excel at predicting single protein static structures from sequence, but routinely fail to capture the correct conformational state of protein complexes, critical for protein design and induced proximity modalities such as antibodies and PROTACs. While structural proteomics techniques like Cross-Linking Mass Spectrometry (XL-MS) and Hydrogen-Deuterium Exchange (HDX-MS) offer valuable spatial and dynamic insights, integrating these sparse, heterogeneous measurements into these models remains an open challenge. Here, we bridge this gap by combining structural proteomics data with the rich biophysical priors learned by pretrained diffusion models. We introduce AIMS-Fold, an inference-time guided-diffusion framework that actively steers the generative sampling trajectory using differentiable physical potentials derived from XL-MS spatial restraints and HDX-MS solvent accessibility profiles. We demonstrate that these structural methods individually enhance predictive accuracy, and their integration yields synergistic improvement. Crucially, by leveraging these experimental restraints, AIMS-Fold achieves higher accuracy on challenging induced proximity targets than purely computational, unguided state-of-the-art models like Boltz-2. This establishes our framework as a powerful, integrative computational approach for the structure based drug design of induced proximity drugs. Evaluation code will be made publicly available upon publication.
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