arXiv:2605.26821hep-phcs.LG2026-05

将粒子与喷注层级结构联合建模,提升对底夸克喷注的识别能力。

Particle-Lund Multimodality in Jet Taggers

  • 融合粒子数据与吕恩平面分裂信息,用统一变压器联合处理。
  • 在顶夸克和H→bb̄探测中实现25%背景抑制率提升。
  • 适用于高能物理中底夸克喷注分析,尤其适合四底夸克末态研究。

吕恩平面为强子喷注中的量子色动力学辐射提供了物理驱动的分层表示,而基于变换器的标记器通过直接学习原始粒子构成及其成对关系,已达到顶尖性能。本文探究变换器是否隐式捕捉了粒子层面的分层QCD结构,或显式的物理表示是否仍具互补价值。为此,提出PLuM多模态架构,将粒子构成与吕恩平面分裂投影至共享潜在空间,由统一变换器联合处理。交叉注意力机制用于检验结构化QCD信息是否提供超越粒子本身编码的判别力。结果发现,在顶夸克与H→bb̄标记任务中系统性提升,但在H→cc̄或H→4q拓扑中无明显改进。这一选择性增强表明,即使在高度表达的架构中,关于底夸克喷注形成的分层信息仍具互补价值;而其他拓扑已在粒子层面被充分捕捉。在高影响力分析如四底夸克末态(HH(4b))的洛伦兹增强双希格斯搜寻中,于25%希格斯效率点,PLuM较基线实现25%更高的背景拒绝能力。结果表明,即使在变换器时代,物理结构化的QCD辐射表示仍具判别价值,提示需进一步研究深度学习算法如何编码喷注动力学的不同方面。

原文摘要 · Abstract (English)

The Lund plane offers a physics-motivated, hierarchical representation of QCD radiation within jets, while transformer-based taggers have reached state-of-the-art performance by learning directly from raw particle constituents and their pairwise relations. We investigate whether transformers implicitly capture hierarchical QCD structure from constituent-level inputs, or whether explicit physics representations remain complementary. To test this, we introduce PLuM, a multimodal architecture that projects particle constituents and Lund plane splittings into a shared latent space, processing both jointly with a unified transformer. Cross-attention allows the model to probe whether structured QCD information provides discriminating power beyond what particles alone encode. We observe systematic gains for top-quark and $\mathrm{H}\to\mathrm{b}\bar{\mathrm{b}}$ tagging, while finding no comparable improvement for $\mathrm{H}\to\mathrm{c}\bar{\mathrm{c}}$ or $\mathrm{H}\to 4\mathrm{q}$ topologies. This selective enhancement suggests that explicit hierarchical information about b-jet formation remains complementary to raw particle representations even in highly expressive architectures, while other topologies are already well-captured at constituent level. For high-impact LHC analyses such as Lorentz-boosted di-Higgs searches in the four $\mathrm{b}$ quark final state ($\mathrm{H}\mathrm{H}(4\mathrm{b})$), the gains are substantial: at a $25\%$ di-Higgs efficiency working point, PLuM achieves $25\%$ higher background rejection than the baseline. Our results indicate that physically structured representations of QCD radiation retain discriminating value in the transformer era, motivating further study into how different aspects of jet dynamics are encoded by deep learning algorithms.

喷注标记变换器底夸克

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