用新型地震成像揭示海底火山岩浆系统，解开洋壳形成之谜。
Unveiling magma plumbing systems for volcanic eruptions and crustal accretion via active-seismic matrix imaging
- 采用主动源矩阵成像技术，精细刻画洋中脊岩浆储库结构
- 发现轴向锥形岩浆房与贯穿地壳的连通岩浆带，深达3公里
- 揭示下部地壳由岩浆通道形成，上部则以原位结晶为主
海底火山活动占地球火山活动的80%以上，主要发生在洋中脊，其浅层岩浆系统可实现高分辨率成像。然而由于位置偏远，常难以被探测。近期对东太平洋海隆9°50′N段的研究揭示了最浅岩浆囊的详细结构，但尚无数据约束模型解释岩浆如何积累、迁移或触发喷发。同样，洋壳形成机制仍不清晰。尽管二维地震数据仅显示少数垂直堆叠的瞬态岩浆囊，本研究应用控制源地震学中的矩阵成像新方法，绘制了轴上与轴外岩浆储库的内部结构。我们发现轴向锥形岩浆房及贯穿整个地壳的连通岩浆富集区。结合蛇绿岩证据表明，前3公里地壳形成主要依赖岩浆通道，最后1公里则以原位结晶为主，解决了长期争议。
原文摘要 · Abstract (English)
Submarine eruptions, accounting for over 80% of Earth's volcanic activity, primarily occur along mid-ocean ridges, where shallow magmatic systems are accessible to high-resolution imaging. Yet, their remoteness often leaves them undetected. Recent seismic studies at the East Pacific Rise (EPR) 9°50'N-one of the most dynamic ridge segments, imaged the detailed architecture of the shallowest magma lens, but no data-constrained model yet explains how magma accumulates, migrates, or triggers eruptions. Similarly, the formation of oceanic crust remains poorly understood. While 2-D seismic data reveal only a few vertically stacked, transient magma lenses, our study applies matrix imaging, a novel technique in controlled-source seismology, to map the inner structure of on- and off-axis magma reservoirs. We uncover a conical on-axis reservoir and interconnected magma-rich zones throughout the crust. Combined with ophiolite evidence, these findings reveal that magma channels dominate the first 3 km for lower crust formation, while in situ crystallization prevails in the final 1 km, resolving a long-standing debate.
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