arXiv:2605.27850cs.AI2026-05

让提示词和通信结构一起进化,提升多智能体协作效率

TCP-MCP: Landscape-Guided Co-Evolution of Prompts and Communication Topologies for Multi-Agent Systems

论文配图:TCP-MCP: Landscape-Guided Co-Evolution of Prompts and Communication Topologies for Multi-Agent Systems
图 1 · 摘自论文原文
  • 将提示词与通信拓扑作为统一基因共同演化
  • 在三个基准上准确率最高达96.61%,用 token 减少5.69倍
  • 适合需要高效协作的多智能体系统设计者

有效的多智能体系统无法通过孤立选择提示词或通信图来实现。智能体行为依赖于接收到的信息,而通信边的价值又取决于接收方如何解读和使用这些信息。我们提出 TCP-MCP(拓扑耦合提示的多智能体协同求解框架),一种联合搜索提示词与通信拓扑的共进化方法。该方法在初始化阶段使用景观探测校准早期搜索行为,并基于帕累托前沿诊断,在任务性能、令牌成本和结构复杂度三个目标下自适应探索。采用相同 DeepSeek-V3.2 骨干模型,TCP-MCP 在 MMLU-Pro、MMLU 和 GSM8K 上分别达到 82.66%、89.96% 和 96.61% 的准确率。在三个基准上均优于自动图生成基线,且相比辩论式系统保持竞争力,同时在报告运行点上最多减少 5.69 倍的 token 使用量。结果表明,联合演化提示词与通信结构为可控评估中提供了成本敏感且任务自适应的多智能体系统设计路径。

原文摘要 · Abstract (English)

Effective multi-agent systems cannot be designed by selecting prompts or communication graphs in isolation. Agent behavior depends on the information an agent receives, while the usefulness of a communication edge depends on how the receiving agent interprets and uses that information. We propose \textbf{TCP-MCP} (Topology-Coupled Prompting for Multi-Agent Collaborative Problem-Solving), a co-evolution framework that searches agent prompts and communication topologies as a unified genome. TCP-MCP uses an initialization-time landscape probe to calibrate early search behavior, and then relies on Pareto-front diagnostics to adapt exploration under three objectives: task performance, token cost, and structural complexity. Using the same DeepSeek-V3.2 backbone across all methods, TCP-MCP achieves 82.66\%, 89.96\%, and 96.61\% accuracy on MMLU-Pro, MMLU, and GSM8K, respectively. Across the three benchmarks, it consistently outperforms automated graph-generation baselines and achieves competitive accuracy relative to debate-style systems, while using up to 5.69$\times$ fewer tokens than those systems at the reported operating points. These results show that jointly evolving prompts and communication structure provides a practical route to cost-aware and task-adaptive multi-agent system design in controlled evaluations.

多智能体提示优化通信拓扑效率提升

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