arXiv:2605.27917cs.RO2026-05

用连续重部署优化传感器,对抗无人机入侵。

A Surveillance Evasion Game with Continuous Sensor Redeployment via Bilevel Optimization

论文配图:A Surveillance Evasion Game with Continuous Sensor Redeployment via Bilevel Optimization
图 1 · 摘自论文原文
  • 传感器可在建筑边缘连续滑动,通过平滑近似保持可微性。
  • 攻防双方交替优化,收敛至局部纳什均衡点。
  • 适合需动态布防的安防场景,如关键设施防护。

无人飞行系统(UAS)正日益威胁关键基础设施安全,利用传感器围栏中的时空漏洞隐蔽进入受限空域。本文将该交互建模为攻击者与异构传感器网络之间的双人零和微分博弈,其中传感器包括定向与全向类型。不同于以往限制防御方在离散位置图或固定配置上的方法,本文提出一种连续传感器重部署技术:各传感器可沿凸形建筑边界自由滑动,通过log-sum-exp平滑近似保证多边形顶点处的可微性,从而支持基于梯度的方法优化。攻击者最优响应采用两步法求解:先用STP-RRT*生成可行轨迹,再以非线性规划进行最小化探测的精细化调整。攻防双方通过交替双层优化收敛至局部纳什均衡(LNE),并推导出双方的一阶驻点条件,为反无人机作战任务中异构传感器部署提供了可部署基准。

原文摘要 · Abstract (English)

Uncrewed Aerial Systems (UASs) have become a growing threat to the security of critical infrastructure, exploiting spatiotemporal gaps in sensor perimeters to infiltrate restricted airspace undetected. We formulate this interaction as a two-player zero-sum differential game between an adversarial UAS and a heterogeneous sensor network of directional and omnidirectional sensors. Unlike earlier game-theoretic approaches that restrict the defender to discrete placement graphs or fixed configurations, we introduce a continuous sensor redeployment technique in which each sensor slides freely along the convex building boundaries. This is enforced via a log-sum-exp smooth approximation that preserves differentiability at polygon vertices, enabling optimization with gradient-based methods. The attacker's best response is computed via a two-step approach combining STP-RRT* for feasible trajectory initialization and nonlinear programming for detection-minimization refinement. The joint optimization converges to a Local Nash Equilibrium (LNE) via alternating bilevel optimization, with analytical first-order stationarity conditions derived for both players, thereby establishing a deployable baseline for heterogeneous sensor placements in CUAS missions.

无人机防御博弈优化传感器部署

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