LLM对话人格表现受角色与风格影响，非仅由提示决定。
Personality, Role, and Expressive Style in Large Language Models: An Interactionist Analysis
- 从互动视角分析性格、角色、表达风格对LLM人格表现的影响。
- 角色显著影响开放性，风格影响尽责性和宜人性，提示主导神经质。
- 跨语言对比显示模式相似，特定组合下有差异，适合人机交互设计者参考。
基于提示的性格控制是实现大语言模型对话代理在社交情境中行为一致性的关键技术。然而，在提示中指定五大性格特质（BFTs）并不能确保生成话语准确体现预期特质。本文从互动主义视角出发，将性格表现视为受特质设定与情境因素共同作用的上下文依赖结果。我们分析了性格特质、对话角色和表达风格三种提示因素对LLM生成对话中感知到的BFTs表现的影响。采用因子设计，结合六种性格条件、三种角色和三种表达风格，每种语言生成1,080条对话，共涵盖英语和日语两种语言。通过大型语言模型作为评判者框架评估目标代理话语中的实际表达性格。结果显示，性格表达不仅受显式特质设定影响，还受对话角色和表达风格调节，且效应具有特质特异性：角色强烈影响开放性，表达风格显著塑造尽责性和宜人性，而显式特质设定主导神经质。即使未明确指定性格特质，社会角色和表达条件仍会引发独特的人格印象。跨语言比较表明英日语对话模式总体相似，仅在特定组合下存在明显差异。研究建议，应将LLM代理的性格控制理解为包含特质设定、社会角色与表达风格的上下文依赖过程，而非单纯提示的直接结果。
原文摘要 · Abstract (English)
Prompt-based personality control is a key technique for designing large language model (LLM) dialogue agents that behave consistently across social contexts. However, specifying Big Five personality traits (BFTs) in a prompt does not ensure that the intended traits are expressed in generated utterances. This paper investigates this mismatch from an interactionist perspective, viewing personality expression as a context-dependent outcome shaped by the interplay between trait specification and situational factors. We analyze how perceived BFT expression in LLM-generated dialogue is influenced by three prompt factors: personality traits, dialogue roles, and expressive styles. Using a factorial design that combines six personality conditions, three roles, and three expressive-style conditions, we generate 1,080 LLM-agent dialogues in each of English and Japanese. We then evaluate the target agent's utterances using an LLM-as-a-judge framework to estimate expressed Big Five traits. The results show that expressed personality is shaped not only by explicit trait specification, but also by dialogue role and expressive style. These effects are trait-specific: dialogue role strongly influences Openness, expressive style substantially shapes Conscientiousness and Agreeableness, and explicit trait specification dominates Neuroticism. Even without explicit personality-trait specification, social and expressive conditions induce distinct personality-like impressions. Cross-linguistic comparisons show broadly similar patterns between English and Japanese dialogues, with noticeable differences only under specific combinations of personality, role, and expressive style. These findings suggest that personality control in LLM agents should be understood not as a direct consequence of trait prompting, but as a context-dependent process involving personality specification, social role, and expressive style.
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