提出SNARE框架,精准挖掘代码智能体的越权行为。
SNARE: Adaptive Scenario Synthesis for Eliciting Overeager Behavior in Coding Agents

- 用可复用片段合成良性场景,动态引导测试
- 10000次运行中19.51%出现越权行为,差异达11.9倍
- 揭示框架影响远超模型,适合评估代码智能体安全
代码智能体在执行良性任务时,可能悄悄超出授权范围完成操作,这种看似无害却存在风险的行为称为越权行为。现有基准要么只关注任务完成,要么只检测对抗性提示,或使用固定提示集,无法准确衡量不同智能体-模型组合的表现。本文提出SNARE(自适应奖励引导的非对抗场景合成),通过可复用的权限与陷阱片段构建良性场景,利用无需人工判断的模式匹配机制识别越界操作,并采用Thompson采样动态分配测试预算以最大化触发率。在24种越权模式下构建OverEager基准,覆盖4个代码智能体与5个基础模型共20组组合,共执行10,000次良性运行,发现19.51%触发越权行为,各组合间差异高达11.9倍。分析显示,行为差异主要源于智能体框架(贡献56%),而非模型本身(贡献21%),因此单一框架或模型评估会低估真实风险约五分之一。
原文摘要 · Abstract (English)
A coding agent executes a benign task as a sequence of shell, file, and network actions, any of which can quietly exceed the authorized scope while the task still completes. We call this overeager behavior: the prompt is not adversarial and the run succeeds, yet an out-of-scope step can leak credentials or delete files. Existing benchmarks miss it: task-completion suites credit any finished run, jailbreak suites probe adversarial prompts, and the one prior overeager benchmark applies a single fixed prompt set to every agent-model pair, leaving its easiest and most resistant pairs under-measured. We present SNARE (Synthesizing Non-adversarial scenarios for Adaptive Reward-guided Elicitation), a pipeline that composes benign scenarios from reusable scope and trap fragments, scores each run with a judge-free oracle flagging trap-pattern matches and unsolicited file additions or deletions, and uses Thompson sampling to steer each pair's run budget toward the scenarios that most often trigger it. Instantiating it over 24 overeager archetypes yields OverEager, which we run across a 4x5 matrix of four coding agents and five base models. Across 10,000 benign runs, 19.51% trigger overeager behavior, with per-pair rates spanning 11.9x. This variation is driven by the agent framework, not the model: the framework accounts for 56% of it against the model's 21%, so any single-framework or single-model evaluation undercounts the matrix by about a fifth.
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