arXiv:2605.28234cs.CV2026-05

针对无人机测距中采样分布不一致问题,提出轨迹感知训练新方法。

Bridging the Sampling Distribution Shift in Radio Map Estimation: A Trajectory-Aware Paradigm

论文配图:Bridging the Sampling Distribution Shift in Radio Map Estimation: A Trajectory-Aware Paradigm
图 1 · 摘自论文原文
  • 基于随机触发的轨迹采样策略,保持飞行路径连续性。
  • 在SpectrumNet数据集上将均方误差从0.2632降至0.0571。
  • 适合无人机无线感知、网络优化等实际部署场景使用。

基于学习的无线电地图估计(RME)在无人机辅助无线传感中至关重要,可用于覆盖预测与网络优化。现有方法多假设训练与测试数据独立同分布(i.i.d.),基于随机采样。然而,实际无人机测量沿可行轨迹顺序采集,形成高度结构化且空间相关的模式,导致采样分布偏移,增加空间场恢复难度,削弱模型泛化能力。为此,本文提出基于随机触发轨迹采样的轨迹感知训练范式(ST-TBS),在保留轨迹连续性的前提下引入采样多样性。从统计角度看,轨迹采样相比随机采样降低空间多样性并增加信息冗余。在RadioMapSeer和SpectrumNet数据集上的大量实验表明,采用随机采样的模型在轨迹观测下性能显著下降,如SpectrumNet上均方误差(RMSE)从0.0391升至0.2632;而本文方法将RMSE降至0.0571。结果凸显了训练与部署采样分布对齐对可靠RME的必要性。

原文摘要 · Abstract (English)

Learning-based radio map estimation (RME) plays a critical role in UAV-assisted wireless sensing, enabling tasks such as coverage prediction and network optimization. Most current methods assume an independently and identically distributed (i.i.d.) training and testing setting based on random sampling. However, practical UAV measurements are collected sequentially along feasible trajectories, resulting in highly structured and spatially correlated patterns. This mismatch introduces a sampling distribution shift that increases the intrinsic difficulty of spatial field recovery and compromises the generalization of models trained under i.i.d. assumptions. To mitigate this issue, we propose a trajectory-aware training paradigm based on Stochastic-Triggered Trajectory-Based Sampling (ST-TBS), which preserves trajectory continuity while introducing sampling variability. Moreover, from a statistical perspective, we show that trajectory-based sampling reduces spatial diversity and increases information redundancy compared to random sampling. Extensive experiments on the RadioMapSeer and SpectrumNet datasets demonstrate that models trained with random sampling suffer significant performance degradation under trajectory-based observations, with RMSE increasing from 0.0391 to 0.2632 on SpectrumNet. Conversely, our proposed ST-TBS method effectively reduces the RMSE to 0.0571. These results highlight the necessity of aligning training and deployment sampling distributions for reliable RME.

无线传感无人机采样偏差轨迹建模

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