arXiv:2605.28484cs.CL2026-05中稿 · the Society for Co…

用代数框架统一处理芬兰语音变规则,避免状态爆炸且支持双向生成。

Comonadic Morphophonology: A Compositional Framework for Context-Dependent Morphological Rules in Finnish

  • 将音变规则视为局部上下文到输出的函数,通过余单子组合
  • 13个规则箭头替代原系统874个延续类,规则表示压缩67倍
  • 支持双向形态分析与生成,实测准确率达83.92%

为处理芬兰语中依赖上下文的形态音变规则(如辅音交替、元音和谐、所有格后缀同化),传统有限状态转换器会引发状态数量指数级增长;神经模型虽规避此问题但缺乏形式化解释。本文提出首个基于余单子的组合框架:每个规则是局部上下文到单一输出音段的函数,长度变化规则以余单子的 coKleisli 箭头方式组合。核心贡献是引入 Writer 余单子(DeletionSet x Zipper),实现严格 coKleisli 组合性:每个规则为 coKleisli 箭头,extend 将其扩展为全局变换,删除操作以幺半群作用累积,无需中间态显式存储。作为验证,13 个 coKleisli 箭头可等价表达 Omorfi 系统中由 874 个延续类编码的形态行为(规则表示层面降低 67:1),且同一抽象支持双向形态学——形态生成器可复用分析箭头进行生成。在 UD Finnish-TDT 数据集上,仅使用规则进行歧义消解时达到 83.92% UPOS 准确率(结合外部后缀标注器达 94.66%),证明该框架兼具理论严谨性与实际可用性。

原文摘要 · Abstract (English)

Composing finite-state transducers (FSTs) for context-dependent morphophonological rules -- consonant gradation, vowel harmony, possessive suffix assimilation -- leads to multiplicative state explosion; neural models sidestep the problem but provide no formal account of the rules themselves. We present the first framework where each morphophonological rule is a function from a focused local context to a single output segment -- the type of a local rule familiar from cellular automata -- and where length-changing rules compose as coKleisli arrows of a comonad. Our central contribution is the Writer comonad (DeletionSet x Zipper), a new algebraic construction that restores strict coKleisli compositionality for such rules: each rule is a coKleisli arrow, extend lifts it to a global transformation, and deletions accumulate as a monoid action rather than requiring intermediate materialization. As supporting evidence, thirteen coKleisli arrows provide an alternative formulation expressing the same morphophonological behaviors that Omorfi encodes via 874 continuation classes (67:1 reduction at the rule-representation level), and the same abstraction enables bidirectional morphology -- a MorphGenerator reuses the analysis arrows for generation. On UD Finnish-TDT, the system achieves 83.92% UPOS accuracy with rule-only disambiguation (94.66% with an external suffix tagger), validating the framework as a practical morphological engine.

形态学余单子芬兰语组合性

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