arXiv:2605.28495cs.CV2026-05

提出Janus-LoRA,解决持续学习中遗忘与干扰的平衡难题。

Janus-LoRA: A Balanced Low-Rank Adaptation for Continual Learning

论文配图:Janus-LoRA: A Balanced Low-Rank Adaptation for Continual Learning
图 1 · 摘自论文原文
  • 通过梯度修正解耦低秩更新,保持历史知识正交性。
  • 引入解耦边界损失,推动新旧特征分离,降低干扰。
  • 在多个基准上实现最佳稳定与可塑性平衡,适合持续学习场景。

低秩适配(LoRA)已成为持续学习的有前景范式,其通过独立更新低秩因子(A 和 B)并组合生成全权重矩阵更新。为防止灾难性遗忘,该更新应与包含已有知识的任务特定子空间正交。然而我们发现,这种组合更新系统性地破坏正交性,重新引入干扰,损害稳定性。同时,盲目强制正交性会损害可塑性,破坏稳定-可塑性权衡。为此,我们提出Janus-LoRA框架,通过两个新组件恢复平衡:首先引入梯度修正,提供闭式解以数学解耦因子更新,并基于高效在线估计识别历史知识子空间以强制正交;其次引入解耦边界损失,通过将新特征表示推向远离旧特征,实现特征层面分离,形成低干扰的新学习区域。在多个挑战性基准上的全面实验表明,通过协调参数级正交性与特征级分离,Janus-LoRA实现了更优平衡,建立新的最先进性能。

原文摘要 · Abstract (English)

Low-Rank Adaptation (LoRA) has emerged as a promising paradigm for Continual Learning. It independently updates its low-rank factors ($A$ and $B$), creating a composite update to the full weight matrix through their interaction. To prevent catastrophic forgetting, this update should remain orthogonal to the task-specific subspace that contains previously learned knowledge. However, we identify that this composite update systematically violates this orthogonality, reintroducing interference and undermining stability. Furthermore, naively enforcing this orthogonality compromises plasticity, disrupting the delicate stability-plasticity trade-off. To resolve these issues, we propose \textbf{Janus-LoRA}, a framework that restores this balance through two novel components. Specifically, we first introduce Gradient Rectification, a closed-form solution that mathematically decouples LoRA's factor updates, enforcing orthogonality against the historical knowledge subspace identified by an efficient Online Estimation. Next, to enhance plasticity, we introduce a Decoupled Margin Loss that promotes feature-level separation by pushing new feature representations away from old ones, thus creating distinct, low-interference regions for new learning. Comprehensive experiments on challenging benchmarks demonstrate that by harmonizing parameter-level orthogonality with feature-level separation, Janus-LoRA achieves a superior balance and establishes new state-of-the-art performance.

持续学习低秩适配正交性特征分离

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