无人机在未知危险区巡检时,能动态规划路线并自主探索新区域。
Integrated Exploration-Aware UAV Route Optimization and Path Planning

- 基于不确定区域建模,将报告点转为待查区域。
- 通过伪节点扩展路径,提升覆盖范围,节省飞行距离15.9%。
- 支持在线重规划,适合灾害监测等动态环境应用。
无人飞行器(UAV)越来越多地用于灾难区、污染现场、野火区域及受损设施等危险环境中的探索式监测,受限于飞行续航能力,需在访问已知点与获取新信息之间分配资源。由于先验信息常不完整、空间模糊且随时间变化,初始报告仅指出可能存在危险的区域,实际危险可能偏移、部分可见或未被报告。本文提出一种集成探索感知的无人机路径优化与规划框架,将环境建模为带有风险信念的空间地图,将报告危险视为不确定的兴趣区域(ROIs)而非确定目标,要求无人机既检查报告区域,又利用有限续航探索高信息量区域。方法求解基于报告ROIs的车辆路径问题,通过添加辅助伪节点增强空间覆盖,将剩余航程预算分配至路径段,并优化动态可行的B样条轨迹进行局部探索。执行过程中,无人机测量实时更新基于网格的风险信念图,当新信息与剩余航程支持时,重新规划后续轨迹。在48种场景配置下,在线重规划相比离线优化规划平均降低KL散度15.9%,相比直线飞行降低48.6%。
原文摘要 · Abstract (English)
Uncrewed aerial vehicles (UAVs) are increasingly used for exploration-driven monitoring in hazardous environments such as disaster zones, contaminated sites, wildfire areas, and damaged infrastructure, where limited flight endurance must be allocated between visiting reported locations and gathering new information. In these settings, prior information regarding hazards is often incomplete, spatially imprecise, and subject to change during execution. For example, initial reports may identify a region where a hazard is likely to exist, but the actual hazard may be displaced, partially observed, or entirely unreported. We present an integrated exploration-aware UAV route optimization and path planning framework for hazard monitoring under uncertain and evolving prior information. The environment is represented as a spatial risk map, where each location has an associated belief of hazardous conditions. Reported hazards are modeled as uncertain regions of interest (ROIs) rather than confirmed target locations, requiring the UAV to inspect reported areas while also using its limited flight endurance to explore informative regions. The proposed method solves a vehicle routing problem over reported ROIs, augments the route with auxiliary pseudo-nodes to improve spatial coverage, allocates the remaining flight distance budget across route segments, and optimizes dynamically feasible B-spline trajectories for local exploration. During execution, UAV measurements update a grid-based belief map, and the remaining trajectory is replanned when new information and the remaining budget justify adaptation. Across 48 scenario configurations, online replanning improves average KL reduction by 15.9% over the offline optimized planner and 48.6% over straight-line traversal.
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