研究大模型社会中权力不平等如何破坏集体合作与资源可持续性
Bosses, Kings, and the Commons: Cooperation Under Power Asymmetry in LLM Societies
- 构建权力不对称的多智能体模拟框架，引入'老板'或'国王'角色
- 87.3%的生存率下降，权力不平等严重破坏合作与资源可持续性
- 揭示大模型社会在不平等结构下的脆弱性，适合研究治理与公平
社区可通过自我治理和合作规范可持续管理共享资源（公共资源），这是奥斯特罗姆自治理理论的核心发现。然而，现实中的公共资源（如渔业、森林和灌溉系统）往往由权力不对称的结构治理，某些个体或机构对资源提取和集体结果拥有不成比例的控制权。随着大型语言模型（LLMs）越来越多地被用作合成治理模拟中的代理，理解其在权力不对称结构下的行为变得日益重要，但现有评估大多忽视了这种不对称性。我们提出了主权公共资源模拟（SovSim），一种生成式多智能体仿真框架，将具有不对称权力的代理（老板或国王）引入由对称代理（工人或农民）组成的社会中，所有代理从共享资源中提取，共同决定其长期可持续性。在十一种前沿模型中，我们发现引入权力不对称导致合作与可持续性严重崩溃，相对于对称设置，生存率最高下降87.3%。
原文摘要 · Abstract (English)
Communities can sustainably manage shared resources (commons) through self-governance and cooperative norms, a central finding of Ostrom's theory of self-governance. However, real-world commons (e.g., fisheries, forests, and irrigation systems) are often governed under asymmetric power structures, where certain individuals or institutions possess disproportionate control over resource extraction and collective outcomes. As Large Language Models (LLMs) are increasingly explored as agents in synthetic governance simulations, understanding how LLM societies behave under asymmetric power structures is becoming increasingly important, yet existing evaluations largely ignore such asymmetries. We introduce Sovereignty over the Commons Simulation (SovSim), a generative multi-agent simulation framework that incorporates an agent with asymmetric power (boss or king) into a society of symmetric agents (workers or peasants), where all agents extract from a shared resource, collectively determining its sustainability over time. Across eleven state-of-the-art models, we find that introducing asymmetric power leads to severe breakdowns in cooperation and sustainability, with up to an 87.3% degradation in survival rate relative to symmetric settings.
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