用无标签目标数据提升超声模型跨设备泛化能力,无需额外标注。
Robust Cross-Domain Generalization Using Unlabeled Target Data with Source-Domain Supervision

- 利用掩码图像建模与对比学习,在无标签目标数据上预训练结构特征。
- 在62例儿童超声视频上实现目标域Dice分数提升超6%。
- 适合医疗影像跨设备部署,尤其适用于隐私受限的多中心研究。
在儿科腕部骨折评估中,基于床旁超声(POCUS)的AI模型需具备跨不同超声设备和临床中心的泛化能力。尽管已有模型达到放射科医生水平的骨折检测性能,但因域偏移导致在新设备上表现下降,且跨设备获取高精度骨骼分割标签成本高、隐私风险大。为此,本文提出一种基于源域监督、目标域无标签数据的自监督预训练与模型集成策略。方法结合掩码图像建模(MIM)与对比学习,从无标签目标数据中学习结构表示,并引入置信度感知融合头实现预测融合。源数据使用Philips Lumify探头采集,含密集标注;目标数据采用TeleMED便携探头采集,无标签。两数据集全程严格分离。实验基于318张来自62个儿科POCUS视频的图像,该方法显著提升跨设备性能,在目标域实现超过6%的Dice分数提升,验证了该方法在标签高效与隐私保护下的鲁棒性,为多中心或联邦学习场景提供可扩展框架。
原文摘要 · Abstract (English)
It is often desirable to generalize medical imaging AI models trained with dense annotations to data acquired from different ultrasound scanners or clinical sites; however, retraining these models with new annotations is often difficult and costly. We examine this challenge in pediatric wrist fracture assessment using point-of-care ultrasound (POCUS), where fractures are common and can be effectively triaged via ultrasound. AI has shown radiologist-level performance for fracture detection, often aided by high-quality bony structure segmentation. However, due to significant domain shifts, models perform poorly on data from other centers or probes, and obtaining segmentation labels across devices is impractical due to manual annotation effort and data privacy concerns. To address this, we propose a target-informed self-supervised pretraining and model-ensemble strategy. Specifically, our approach combines masked image modeling (MIM) and contrastive learning to learn target-domain structural representations without labels, and introduces a confidence-aware infusion head to adaptively integrate predictions. The source dataset, collected with a Philips Lumify probe, contained dense labels, while the target dataset, acquired with a TeleMED portable probe, was unlabeled. The datasets were kept strictly separate throughout the entire process. Our method used labeled source data for supervised training and leveraged target-domain pretraining to improve generalization. On 318 images from 62 pediatric POCUS videos, this approach significantly improved cross-device performance, achieving over 6% Dice improvement on the target domain versus the baseline. These results demonstrate a label-efficient and privacy-preserving approach for cross-device-robust ultrasound AI, offering a framework that can be extended to multi-center studies or federated learning setups.
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