arXiv:2605.29263cs.LG2026-05

用4个额区电极推算13个虚拟脑电通道,提升可穿戴设备的信号质量。

Prior-Guided Frequency-Calibrated Virtual EEG Channel Inference from Four Frontal Electrodes for Wearable EEG Augmentation

  • 基于先验引导的频域校准机制,从4个电极生成13个虚拟通道。
  • 频谱误差降低38.94%,在肌电干扰下仍保持信号稳定性。
  • 适合长期脑电监测、可穿戴设备开发者使用。

低通道可穿戴脑电(EEG)适用于长期监测,但仅使用前额4个电极采样存在空间稀疏且偏差大问题。虚拟通道方法不应视为对未测量脑活动的恢复,而应作为在目标位置对后验头皮电位分布的先验引导条件推断。本文提出FAVC-Net,一个紧凑的频域校准虚拟通道推断网络,从Fp1、Fp2、F7、F8四个电极估计13个目标通道。模型融合多尺度源编码、源状态嵌入、目标条件化符号源块混合、GATv2注意力优化、注意力一致跳跃融合及弱Welch功率谱密度校准。生成器以任务无关重建模块训练,无类别标签或分类判别约束,使虚拟导联始终与条件头皮电位估计相关,而非特定下游决策。在PRED+CT数据集上,FAVC-Net在波形-频谱联合性能上优于神经与插值基线。时域增益较小,但对数谱距离和功率谱密度KL散度分别相对最强非FAVC比较器降低30.50%和38.94%。在类似可穿戴的源扰动下,模型保持频谱保真度与通道-频率纹理,抗崩溃效果在肌电类爆发和混合压力下尤为明显。结果支持虚拟脑电通道作为与导联兼容、频域校准的后验预测表示,而非物理记录电极的独立替代品。

原文摘要 · Abstract (English)

Low-channel wearable electroencephalography (EEG) is attractive for long-term monitoring, but four frontal electrodes provide only a sparse and spatially biased sampling of the scalp potential field. Virtual-channel methods should therefore be framed not as recovery of independent unmeasured brain activity, but as prior-guided conditional inference of posterior predictive scalp-potential representations at target electrode locations. We present FAVC-Net, a compact frequency-calibrated virtual-channel inference network that estimates 13 target channels from Fp1, Fp2, F7, and F8. The model combines shared multi-scale source encoding, source-state embeddings, target-conditioned signed source-block mixing, GATv2-based attention refinement, attention-consistent skip fusion, and weak Welch power spectral density calibration. The generator is trained as a task-agnostic reconstruction module, without class-label, classification, or CSP-like discriminative constraints, so that the virtual montage remains tied to conditional scalp-potential estimation rather than to a specific downstream decision. On the PRED+CT dataset, FAVC-Net achieved the best joint waveform-spectral operating point among neural and interpolation baselines. Its time-domain gains were modest, whereas log-spectral distance and PSD KL divergence were reduced by 30.50% and 38.94% relative to the strongest non-FAVC comparator. Under wearable-like source perturbations, the model preserved spectral fidelity and channel-frequency texture, with anti-collapse benefits most evident under EMG-like bursts and mixed stress. These results support virtual EEG channels as montage-compatible, frequency-calibrated posterior predictive representations derived from sparse frontal measurements, not as independent substitutes for physically recorded electrodes.

脑电生成可穿戴设备频域校准虚拟通道

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