让大模型在调用工具时能反复思考,提升决策准确性。
DeepTool: Scaling Interleaved Deliberation in Tool-Integrated Reasoning via Process-Supervised Reinforcement Learning

- 通过过程监督强化学习,让每一步思考和调用都得到反馈。
- 在6个基准测试中,模型表现显著提升,最高准确率突破40%。
- 适合需要精准推理与工具协同的复杂任务场景。
工具集成推理(TIR)通过调用外部环境扩展大模型能力,但现有方法缺乏在连续调用工具过程中进行策略规划与自我修正的深思熟虑。尽管强化学习可缓解此问题,传统方法受限于稀疏的结果奖励,难以指导中间推理步骤与工具调用。为此,我们提出DeepTool框架,在每轮思考、行动、观察的交织过程中实现可扩展的深思熟虑。首先,设计合成流水线将扩展思考转化为交织轨迹,并引入对抗扰动以增强鲁棒性与自纠正能力。其次,提出基于GRPO的进程监督强化学习,采用以动作为中心的进程奖励,强化每一步的交织思考并精确控制工具调用。大量实验表明,DeepTool在六个基准测试中表现卓越,如Qwen2.5-7B在AIME24上从3.2%提升至40.4%,在HMMT25上从0.0%提升至28.6%。此外,令牌成本效益分析证实交织思考的有效性,表明DeepTool在性能与令牌效率间取得最优平衡。
原文摘要 · Abstract (English)
Tool-Integrated Reasoning (TIR) extends LLM capabilities by leveraging external environments. However, existing methods lack the deliberation during sequential tool invocation required for strategic planning and self-correction. While RL mitigates this, conventional approaches for Tool-Integrated Reasoning are hindered by sparse outcome-based rewards, failing to supervise intermediate reasoning steps and tool invocations. To address this, we propose DeepTool, a novel framework that scales deliberate thinking within the interleaved process of thinking, action, and observation at each turn. In DeepTool, we first introduce a synthesis pipeline that evolves extended thinking into interleaved trajectories, integrating adversarial perturbations to ensure robustness and self-correction. Secondly, we devise Process-Supervised Reinforcement Learning based on GRPO, which utilizes an Action-Centric Process Reward to reinforce intermediate interleaved thinking and enforce precise tool invocation at every turn. Extensive experiments demonstrate that DeepTool achieves superior performance, boosting Qwen2.5-7B significantly across six benchmarks (e.g., AIME24: 3.2% -> 40.4% and HMMT25: 0.0% -> 28.6%). Furthermore, the token cost-effectiveness analysis confirms the utility of interleaved thinking, demonstrating DeepTool's optimal balance between performance and token efficiency.
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