通过位压缩实现3D高容量水印，支持128位信息嵌入。
BitC-3DGS: High-Capacity 3D Gaussian Splatting Watermarking via Bit Compression
- 将多位信息压缩到单个语义标记中，突破77位限制。
- 128位消息恢复准确率接近现有64位方法水平。
- 适合需要版权保护的3D资产大规模流水线使用。
高容量水印对3D高斯点云（3DGS）资产至关重要，可用于嵌入所有权、来源和认证码等丰富信息，从而在大规模3D资产流程中实现可靠识别与完整性验证。现有基于预训练文本编码器的比特-标记水印方法受限于CLIP固定的77标记上下文长度，超过该长度的标记因学习位置嵌入不支持而无法处理。为此，我们提出BitC-3DGS，一种位压缩框架，可实现每标记编码多个消息比特。其采用位压缩标记化方案，将同一块内的多比特信息编码为单一语义标记。为实现压缩信息的恢复，进一步引入双分支结构，联合完成块解压缩与比特解码，并设计硬消息采样策略以提升解码器训练中的组合覆盖度。在Blender和LLFF数据集上的大量实验表明，BitC-3DGS在高容量水印方面具有显著有效性，实现了高消息恢复准确率与良好渲染保真度。例如，其支持128位消息容量，且恢复准确率与近期最先进方法的64位消息相当。
原文摘要 · Abstract (English)
High-capacity watermarking is necessary for 3D Gaussian Splatting (3DGS) assets to embed rich information (e.g., ownership, provenance, and authentication codes), enabling reliable identification and integrity verification in large-scale 3D asset pipelines. Existing bit-to-token watermarking methods based on a pre-trained text encoder are limited to 77-bit messages due to CLIP's fixed 77-token context length, as tokens beyond this limit are unsupported by learned positional embeddings. To address this limitation, we introduce BitC-3DGS, a bit-compression framework that encodes multiple message bits per token. It employs a bit-compressed tokenization scheme that encodes multiple bits within the same chunk into a single semantic token. To enable recovery of the compressed information, it further introduces a dual-branch architecture for joint chunk decompression and bit decoding, along with a hard-message sampling strategy to improve combinatorial coverage during decoder training. Extensive experiments on the Blender and LLFF datasets demonstrate the effectiveness of BitC-3DGS for high-capacity watermarking, achieving high message recovery accuracy and rendering fidelity. For example, it supports 128-bit message capacity with recovery accuracy comparable to that of 64-bit messages in recent state-of-the-art methods.
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