无需训练,精准导航任意形状机器人的点云避障方法。
EXACT-MPPI: Exact Signed-Distance Navigation for Arbitrary-Footprint Robots from Point Clouds via Path Integral Control

- 直接用点云和引导信息生成运动指令,无中间地图表示。
- 精确计算障碍物与机器人真实轮廓的符号距离,避免误判可行路径。
- 适用于多种机器人平台,无需重新训练,适合复杂地形避障场景。
地面机器人常携带负载或附加装置,使其有效轮廓变为复杂非凸形状。传统局部规划器通常使用凸包或膨胀代理简化几何,并将传感器数据栅格化为占用网格或距离场,当间隙接近轮廓尺寸时会错误排除可行路径。本文提出EXACT-MPPI,一种无需训练的局部导航框架,直接将局部点云观测与稀疏引导信息映射为运动指令,不依赖任何中间地图表示。该框架将解析的精确符号距离评估器嵌入模型预测路径积分(MPPI)控制器中。机器人轮廓以简单多边形表示,支持一般凸凹平面形状;对矩形轮廓采用矩形覆盖优化,实现快速评估,无需凸分解、膨胀或学习编码器。每次MPPI采样时,障碍点被变换至预测体坐标系并相对于轮廓进行评估。所有操作在JAX中批量处理,利用GPU并行实现实时递推控制。实验表明,与基于学习的点到机器人基准相比,该方法加速了批量距离评估,在凸轮廓规划器失效时仍保持可行路径,且在密集静态与动态障碍下表现稳健。同一框架仅通过更改轮廓描述和运动模型即可部署于差速、阿克曼、全向及混合模式平台,无需针对平台单独训练。结合精确轮廓几何与基于采样的预测控制,为多样化机器人提供了实用、免训练的轮廓感知局部导航路径。
原文摘要 · Abstract (English)
Ground robots often carry payloads, implements, or other attachments that turn their effective footprint into complex, non-convex shapes. Navigating safely through clutter then requires reasoning about this true geometry, yet most local planners simplify it with convex or inflated proxies and rasterize sensor data into occupancy grids or distance fields. Both choices eliminate feasible motions when clearance is comparable to the footprint geometry. We present EXACT-MPPI, a training-free local navigation framework that maps local point-cloud observations and sparse guidance directly to motion commands, without any intermediate map representation. The framework embeds an analytic, exact signed-distance evaluator into a Model Predictive Path Integral (MPPI) controller. The footprint is represented as a simple polygon for general convex or concave planar shapes, with a rectangle-cover specialization for faster evaluation of rectilinear footprints, enabling footprint-aware collision costs without convex decomposition, inflation, or learned encoders. During each MPPI rollout, observed obstacle points are transformed into the predicted body frame and evaluated against the footprint. All operations are batched in JAX, leveraging GPU parallelism for real-time receding-horizon control. Experiments show that EXACT-MPPI accelerates batched distance evaluation over a learned point-to-robot baseline, preserves feasible motion where convex-footprint planners fail, and remains robust under dense static and moving obstacles. The same framework deploys on differential-drive, Ackermann, omnidirectional, and hybrid-mode platforms by changing only the footprint description and motion model without per-platform training. Pairing exact footprint geometry with sampling-based predictive control thus offers a practical, training-free path to footprint-aware local navigation across diverse robots.
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