让AI像人一样上网学习,用网页互动积累知识。
MEMENTO: Leveraging Web as a Learning Signal for Low-Data Domains

- 用自适应探索树迭代提问,边查边反思。
- 跨会话记忆保存事实和搜索策略,提升效率25.6%~36.5%。
- 适合低数据场景的领域专家系统构建者。
现实任务常缺乏大规模标注数据,现有方法多依赖少量标注或伪标签作为学习信号。但人类通过反复自主访问网络,逐步积累领域知识与搜索技巧。我们提出MEMENTO框架,将网络本身作为学习信号而非静态检索工具。该框架在会话内通过自适应探索树(AET)分解任务、迭代提问并反思中间结果;在会话间通过双通道记忆分别存储陈述性知识(事实)与程序性知识(搜索策略)。此设计使智能体无需额外训练即可从网络交互轨迹中习得可复用的研究策略与领域专长。我们在销售自动化和法律研究两个低数据专业领域进行评估,结果表明,相较于ReAct基线,性能分别提升25.6%和36.5%,证明网络可作为数据稀缺环境下获取任务专长的可扩展学习源。
原文摘要 · Abstract (English)
Real-world tasks often lack large labeled datasets, motivating extensive work on learning in low-data regimes. However, existing approaches such as few-shot prompting, instruction tuning, and synthetic data generation, continue to treat labeled or pseudo-labeled data as the primary learning signal. In contrast, human practitioners acquire expertise through repeated, self-directed interaction with the open web, progressively refining both domain knowledge and search strategies. We propose MEMENTO, a framework that treats the web as a learning signal rather than a stateless retrieval interface. MEMENTO operates at two levels: within each session, it conducts iterative web exploration via an Adaptive Exploration Tree (AET) that decomposes tasks into evolving questions and reflects on intermediate findings; across sessions, it accumulates experience through dual-channel memory, separating declarative knowledge (facts) from procedural knowledge (search strategies). This design enables agents to learn reusable research strategies and domain expertise from trajectories of web interaction without additional model training. We evaluate MEMENTO on two low-data professional domains: sales automation and legal research. Our empirical results show consistent improvements in performance over ReAct based baselines (+25.6% on sales automation and 36.5% on legal research), demonstrating that the web can serve as a scalable learning source for acquiring task-specific expertise in data-scarce settings.
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