构建去中心化的生物识别身份系统，解决隐私与安全难题。
Ciphera: A Decentralised Biometric Identity Framework
- 结合隐私保护人脸识别与多节点验证机制
- 验证延迟低于820ms，功能成功率81%
- 适合关注隐私安全的区块链应用开发者
中心化生物识别身份系统存在单点故障、验证过程不透明及生物特征泄露无法挽回等风险。去中心化标识符（DIDs）和可验证凭证（VCs）虽提供更强隐私保障，但其与生物识别认证及分布式验证的整合仍不足。本文提出Ciphera，一种结合隐私保护面部识别、多节点验证、IPFS存储凭证元数据、区块链锚定撤销机制的去中心化生物识别身份框架。在功能、性能、安全性和分布式一致性维度评估中，Ciphera实现81%的功能成功率，注册与认证稳定，但撤销传播存在延迟，审计日志偶发不一致。性能测试显示，在多节点并发条件下，验证延迟的p95值约为820ms。安全分析表明具备强机密性与完整性，但缺乏活体检测，易受深度伪造与重放攻击。结果证明去中心化生物识别身份的可行性，同时揭示生产级部署的关键工程挑战。
原文摘要 · Abstract (English)
Centralised biometric identity systems expose users to single points of failure, opaque verification processes, and irreversible biometric compromise. Decentralised Identifiers (DIDs) and Verifiable Credentials (VCs) offer stronger privacy guarantees, yet their integration with biometric authentication and distributed verification remains insufficiently explored. This paper presents Ciphera, a decentralised biometric identity framework combining privacy-preserving facial recognition, multi-node verification, IPFS-based credential metadata storage, and blockchain-anchored revocation. Evaluated across functional, performance, security, and distributed consistency dimensions, Ciphera achieved an 81% functional success rate, with stable enrolment and authentication but measurable revocation propagation delays and occasional audit-log inconsistencies. Performance testing demonstrated sub-second p95 verification latency of approximately 820ms under concurrent multi-node conditions. Security analysis confirmed strong confidentiality and integrity guarantees, though incomplete liveness detection leaves susceptibility to deepfake and replay attacks. The results demonstrate the feasibility of decentralised biometric identity while identifying key engineering challenges for production-grade deployment.
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