arXiv:2605.30014cs.AI2026-05KDD被引 1

用大模型生成城市出行模式,解决隐私问题并支持多样条件下的轨迹合成。

From GPS Points to Travel Patterns: Flexible and Semantic Trajectory Generation with LLMs

论文配图:From GPS Points to Travel Patterns: Flexible and Semantic Trajectory Generation with LLMs
图 1 · 摘自论文原文
  • 先生成语义出行模式再转为GPS点,分层建模更合理。
  • 在两个真实数据集上生成质量比最强基线提升29.78%。
  • 适合智能城市、交通建模等需要隐私保护轨迹数据的场景。

城市轨迹在建模城市动态和支撑智慧城市应用中至关重要,但隐私问题限制了大规模高质量轨迹数据的获取。轨迹生成为缓解隐私风险提供了可行方案。然而,现有方法难以显式捕捉出行模式,且仅能在单一条件下生成固定长度轨迹。为此,我们提出HTP——先分层生成出行模式,再利用大语言模型(LLMs)生成GPS点,而非直接生成点。首先设计一种针对轨迹的残差量化变分自编码器(RQ-VAE),将微观级GPS轨迹以粗到细的方式量化为紧凑的宏观级出行模式标记,捕捉如交通状况导致的点密度变化等空间不规则性。随后,将出行模式标记扩展至LLM词表,对齐轨迹表示与LLM输入,并通过监督微调(SFT)使LLM适配轨迹生成任务,从而在多种条件下生成出行模式序列。在两个真实数据集上的大量实验表明,HTP在生成质量上平均优于最强基线29.78%。代码已公开于https://github.com/slzhou-xy/HTP。

原文摘要 · Abstract (English)

Urban trajectories play a crucial role in modeling urban dynamics and supporting various smart city applications. However, privacy concerns restrict access to large-scale and high-quality trajectory datasets. Trajectory generation provides a promising alternative by synthesizing realistic data to mitigate privacy risks. However, existing methods fail to explicitly capture travel patterns and can only generate fixed-length trajectories under a single condition. To address these limitations, we propose \textbf{HTP}, which \textbf{H}ierarchically generates \textbf{T}ravel patterns first and then generates GPS \textbf{P}oints by using large language models (LLMs), rather than directly generating GPS points. We first design a trajectory-specific residual quantization variational autoencoder (RQ-VAE) that quantizes micro-level GPS trajectories into compact, macro-level travel pattern tokens in a coarse-to-fine manner. These tokens capture rich segment spatial irregularities, such as point density variations caused by traffic conditions. Then, we extend the LLM vocabulary with travel pattern tokens to align trajectory representations with the LLM input, and apply supervised fine-tuning (SFT) to align the LLM with the trajectory generation task, enabling generation of travel pattern sequences under various conditions. Extensive experiments on two real-world datasets show that HTP outperforms the strongest baseline by an average of 29.78\% in terms of generation quality. Our code is available at https://github.com/slzhou-xy/HTP.

轨迹生成大模型智能城市

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