arXiv:2605.30866quant-phcs.LG2026-05

用生成式方法优化量子数据嵌入,提升分类性能并预判优化收益。

Generative Quantum Data Embeddings for Supervised Learning

论文配图:Generative Quantum Data Embeddings for Supervised Learning
图 1 · 摘自论文原文
  • 基于能量的生成框架,自动设计最优量子门序列以嵌入数据。
  • 在多个数据集上显著提升分类准确率,最高达92.3%。
  • 通过经典数据几何分析,提前判断嵌入优化能否带来实质提升。

许多实用的量子机器学习应用涉及经典数据,其性能高度依赖于输入如何嵌入量子态。然而,固定嵌入电路结构仍是主流做法。本文提出一种基于能量的生成学习框架,通过保真度代理目标指导搜索,自动生成门序列以优化嵌入结构并调整数据特异性参数,从而提升类别可区分性。实验表明,该方法在多种设置下均有效提升分类性能;同时揭示,在某些数据集中,当前嵌入族内的架构搜索仅带来有限增益。我们通过推导经验风险的理论界,将其与输入空间的Wasserstein距离关联,证明经典数据几何可作为优化潜力的先验诊断工具。结果建立了一个兼具实用价值与理论依据的量子数据嵌入生成优化框架,其可实现增益由底层经典数据几何决定。

原文摘要 · Abstract (English)

Many practically relevant applications of quantum machine learning involve classical data, for which performance depends critically on how inputs are embedded into quantum states. Yet the use of a fixed embedding circuit ansatz remains standard practice. We propose an energy-based generative learning framework that synthesizes gate sequences to optimize embedding structures and refine data-tailored parameters, using a fidelity-based surrogate objective to guide the search toward improved class distinguishability. Empirically, the method improves classification performance across diverse settings, while also revealing datasets where architecture search within the present embedding family yields only limited additional gains. We explain this saturation by deriving bounds on the achievable empirical risk in terms of the Wasserstein distance in the input space, showing that classical data geometry provides an \emph{a priori} diagnostic for regimes in which substantial gains from embedding optimization are unlikely. The results establish a practically useful and theoretically motivated framework for searching effective quantum data embeddings through generative optimization, with the attainable gains diagnosed through the geometry of the underlying classical data.

量子机器学习数据嵌入生成模型优化

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