用强化学习动态调整多跳问答中的思考步骤,省下大量计算却不丢准确率。
AdaptR1: Reinforcement Learning Based Adaptive Interleaved Thinking in Multi-hop Question Answering

- 通过强化学习在每一步动态决定是否思考,而非整题一判
- 在HotpotQA上减少90.35%的思考词数,平均降69.71%
- 适合追求高效推理的模型部署者,尤其多跳问答场景
大型语言模型在复杂推理任务中通过思维链(CoT)提示取得了显著进展。然而,该方法常导致“过度思考”,即对简单问题生成冗长推理路径,造成不必要的推理开销。尽管已有研究探索自适应推理,但现有方法通常仅对整个查询做一次是否推理的判断,忽略了多步任务中各中间阶段对显式推理需求的动态变化。为此,我们提出AdaptR1,一种基于强化学习的多跳问答自适应交错思考框架。与需监督微调初始化的前序方法不同,AdaptR1采用全强化学习策略,结合质量门控效率奖励,在每一步动态分配推理预算。在Graph-R1设置下,AdaptR1将平均思考词数减少69.71%,在HotpotQA上更是达到90.35%的降幅,同时性能与标准基线相当或更优。进一步分析表明,过度思考并非均匀分布,主要集中在初始规划阶段,凸显分步自适应预算分配的有效性。
原文摘要 · Abstract (English)
Large Language Models (LLMs) have achieved remarkable performance in complex reasoning tasks through Chain-of-Thought (CoT) prompting. However, this approach often leads to ``over-thinking,'' where models generate unnecessarily long reasoning traces for simple queries and incur avoidable inference cost. While recent work has explored adaptive reasoning, existing methods typically make a single query-level decision about whether to reason. This overlooks the dynamic nature of multi-step tasks, where the need for explicit reasoning varies across intermediate stages. To address this limitation, we introduce AdaptR1, a Reinforcement Learning (RL) based framework for adaptive interleaved thinking in multi-hop Question Answering (QA). Unlike previous approaches that require Supervised Fine-Tuning (SFT) for cold-start initialization, AdaptR1 uses a fully RL-based strategy with a quality-gated efficiency reward to dynamically allocate reasoning budgets at each step. Under the Graph-R1 setting, AdaptR1 reduces average think tokens by 69.71\%, with a 90.35\% reduction on HotpotQA, while maintaining performance comparable to or better than standard baselines. Furthermore, our analysis reveals that overthinking in multi-hop reasoning is not uniformly distributed but occurs predominantly during the initial planning stages, highlighting the effectiveness of step-wise adaptive budget allocation.
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