arXiv:2605.31145cs.CVcs.AI2026-05中稿 · ICML被引 1

无需类别标签,让模型通过视觉线索精准定位目标物体。

FOCUS: Forcing In-Context Object Localization through Visual Support Constraints and Policy Optimization

论文配图:FOCUS: Forcing In-Context Object Localization through Visual Support Constraints and Policy Optimization
图 1 · 摘自论文原文
  • 用无类别监督的两阶段训练优化支持框与查询图的注意力。
  • 采用强化学习直接减少定位误差,性能超越72B参数大模型。
  • 适合图像编辑、个性化搜索等需要精准定位的场景。

上下文定位(ICL)旨在仅凭少量支持样本,在查询图像中定位指定目标物体,无需训练或参数更新。尽管视觉语言模型(VLMs)发展迅速,但实现无类别依赖且基于视觉证据的ICL仍是开放问题,而这对于图像编辑、个性化视觉搜索和检索至关重要。现有方法脆弱且依赖显式类别监督,不仅限制了在无名或实例特定物体场景中的应用,还引入类别偏差,使预测偏向语义先验而非视觉证据。本文提出一种两阶段训练框架,显式优化支持边界框与查询图像间的上下文注意力,且无需类别监督。进一步通过组相对策略优化(GRPO)的强化学习精炼定位,直接最小化定位误差。该方法强制以视觉对应关系取代语义先验,实现鲁棒的实例级定位。实证表明,使用本方法训练的7B参数模型性能优于高达72B参数的模型,证明上下文感知的定位目标可超越单纯模型缩放。全面消融实验验证了各组件的有效性。

原文摘要 · Abstract (English)

In-context localization (ICL) seeks to localize a target object specified by a small set of support examples in a query image, operating on the fly without training or parameter updates. Despite rapid advances in vision-language models (VLMs), achieving category-agnostic and visually grounded ICL remains an open problem, even though it is essential for applications such as image editing, personalized visual search, and retrieval. Existing methods are fragile and rely on explicit category supervision, which not only limits applicability in realistic settings with unnamed or instance-specific objects but also introduces category bias that steers predictions toward semantic priors rather than visual evidence. We introduce a two-stage training framework that explicitly optimizes in-context attention between support bounding boxes and query images without category supervision. We further refine localization via reinforcement learning using Group Relative Policy Optimization (GRPO) to directly minimize localization error. This formulation enforces visual correspondence over semantic priors, yielding robust instance-level localization. Empirically, a 7B-parameter model trained with our objectives outperforms models up to 72B parameters, demonstrating that context-aware localization objectives can surpass scaling alone. Comprehensive ablations validate the contribution of each component.

视觉定位上下文学习强化学习无类别监督

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