提出自调正则化框架,让显微成像更稳定清晰。
Self-Tuning Regularization for Image Scanning Microscopy

- 基于贝叶斯最大后验,融合多帧泊松数据与显式正则项
- 无需人工停止,低光条件下仍保持超分辨与光学切片能力
- 自动选参且不依赖真实图像,适合低光荧光成像研究
图像扫描显微镜(ISM)是一种结合探测器阵列采集与计算重建的荧光成像技术,可在保持高信噪比的同时实现理想共聚焦显微镜的理论分辨率(即无限小针孔)。目前广泛使用的多图样去卷积(MID)及其扩展方法——超分辨光学切片ISM(s²ISM),均依赖于理查森-卢伊克型迭代算法,存在半收敛特性,需人为提前停止,常导致噪声放大和重构伪影。本文提出一种针对MID与s²ISM的自调显式正则化框架,在贝叶斯最大后验框架下,结合多帧泊松数据保真项与显式正则项,采用ℓ₁与平滑总变差作为典型正则化形式。进一步设计了一种无需真实图像的自动正则化参数选择策略,将残差白化原理拓展至多帧泊松场景,并引入专为s²ISM设计的谱高通扩展。所提框架实现了无需经验停止规则的稳定重构。通过基于近端梯度与镜面下降的优化算法及自适应回溯策略,实验在模拟与真实荧光ISM数据集上验证了该方法在低光条件下显著提升重构稳定性与图像质量,同时保持鲁棒的超分辨与光学切片性能。
原文摘要 · Abstract (English)
Image Scanning Microscopy (ISM) is a fluorescence imaging technique that combines detector-array acquisition and computational reconstruction to achieve the theoretical resolution of an ideal confocal microscope, i.e., one operating with an infinitesimally small pinhole, while maintaining high signal-to-noise ratio. Among the reconstruction methods for obtaining the super-resolved image, multi-image deconvolution (MID) and its extension aimed at preserving the optical sectioning capability of confocal microscopy, known as super-resolution sectioning ISM (s$^2$ISM), are among the most widely used approaches. Both methods rely on Richardson--Lucy-type iterative schemes, whose semi-convergent behavior requires early stopping and often leads to noise amplification and reconstruction artifacts. In this work, we introduce a self-tuning explicit regularization framework for both MID and s$^2$ISM reconstruction. Within a Bayesian maximum a posteriori formulation, we combine a multi-frame Poisson data fidelity term with explicit regularization, considering $\ell_1$ and smoothed total variation penalties as representative examples. We further develop an automatic and ground-truth-free strategy for regularization parameter selection by adapting the residual whiteness principle to the multi-frame Poisson setting and introducing a spectral high-pass extension tailored to s$^2$ISM. The resulting framework enables stable reconstructions without empirical stopping rules. To demonstrate the proposed framework, we consider first-order optimization schemes based on proximal gradient and mirror descent methods with adaptive backtracking strategies. Experiments on simulated and real fluorescence ISM datasets demonstrate improved reconstruction stability and image quality with respect to unregularized approaches, while enabling robust super-resolution and optical sectioning in low-photon conditions.
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