用图扩散模型解决机器人全身逆运动学问题,支持多分支结构并生成多种可行解。
Whole-Body Inverse Kinematics with Graph Diffusion

- 将机器人构型建模为带依赖关系的图,通过图扩散直接生成关节配置。
- 在多个机器人平台上实现高精度稳定求解,能保留冗余系统中的多解性。
- 适合双臂、带躯干等复杂结构的机器人,对工业应用有实用价值。
逆运动学(IK)是机器人领域的基础问题,旨在生成满足末端执行器目标位姿的关节配置。现有方法在跨不同机器人形态时泛化能力弱,且难以有效建模具有多分支结构的系统的多模态特性。本文提出 GraphDiff-IK,一种结构感知的图扩散框架。将机器人表示为基于URDF构建的运动学图,节点对应驱动关节,边编码运动依赖关系。在此基础上,将IK建模为条件图扩散过程,直接在机器人图上生成关节配置。为进一步捕捉复杂结构的依赖关系,引入分阶段层次消息传递和躯干感知条件机制,适用于多分支机器人。同时引入噪声正向运动学反馈与任务空间监督,提升去噪过程中的几何一致性。该框架统一支持单臂、双臂及带躯干或腰身结构的机器人。在多样机器人平台上的大量实验表明,该方法在保证精度与稳定性的同时,仍可为冗余系统生成多种可行解。
原文摘要 · Abstract (English)
Inverse kinematics (IK) is a fundamental problem in robotics, requiring the generation of joint configurations that satisfy target end-effector poses. Existing approaches often struggle to generalize across diverse robot morphologies and to effectively model the multi-modal nature of IK, particularly in articulated systems with multiple kinematic branches. In this work, we propose GraphDiff-IK, a structure-aware graph diffusion framework for inverse kinematics. Specifically, we represent the robot as a kinematic graph constructed from the robot URDF, where nodes correspond to actuated joints and edges encode kinematic dependencies. Building upon this representation, we formulate IK as a conditional graph diffusion process that directly generates joint configurations on the robot graph. To better capture structural dependencies in articulated systems, we further introduce a structure-aware graph reasoning framework with hierarchical stage-wise message passing and torso-aware conditioning for multi-branch robots. In addition, we incorporate noisy forward kinematics feedback and task-space supervision to improve geometric consistency during denoising. The proposed framework provides a unified formulation that naturally supports single-arm robots, dual-arm systems, and articulated robots with torso or waist structures. Extensive experiments on diverse robotic platforms demonstrate that the proposed method achieves accurate and stable IK performance while preserving the ability to generate multiple feasible solutions for redundant robotic systems.
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