SPARROW用太阳能+边缘AI+卫星通信，实现偏远地区自动监测生物多样性。
Project SPARROW and the Future of Conservation Technology
- 太阳能供电+边缘AI，在设备端完成图像与声音分析。
- 190天内采集超200万张图像和音频，持续稳定运行无中断。
- 开源设计降低门槛，适合科研、环保组织长期部署使用。
全球生物多样性正以空前速度衰退，但监测与保护生态系统的工具仍受限于能源、连通性和可及性。我们提出SPARROW，一个软硬件开源平台，整合太阳能、边缘人工智能和卫星通信，实现偏远环境中持续、自主的生物多样性监测。每个SPARROW节点配备低功耗图形处理器（GPU）与模块化视觉、声学及环境传感器，可在本地执行深度学习推理，并通过低地球轨道（LEO）卫星或全球移动通信系统（GSM）网络传输汇总结果。我们在哥伦比亚、秘鲁、坦桑尼亚和美国的热带、温带及山地生态系统中部署了SPARROW，系统在多变环境条件下实现了7×24小时运行，首190天内收集超过两百万张图像与声学记录。该系统表现出强大的实时分类能力与自适应电源管理，实现完全自主，无需现场人工干预。通过融合可再生能源、边缘智能与开源设计，SPARROW降低了生态监测的技术与经济门槛，为分布式智能传感网络奠定了可扩展基础，推动形成面向全球生物多样性的“万物互联生命网络”。
原文摘要 · Abstract (English)
Global biodiversity is declining at unprecedented rates, yet the tools available to monitor and protect ecosystems remain limited by constraints in power, connectivity, and accessibility. We present SPARROW, a hardware and software open-source platform that integrates solar energy, edge artificial intelligence, and satellite communication to enable continuous, autonomous biodiversity monitoring in remote environments. Each SPARROW node combines a low-power Graphics Processing Unit (GPU) with modular visual, acoustic, and environmental sensors, performing on-device deep learning inference and transmitting summarized results through Low-Earth-Orbit (LEO) satellite or Global System for Mobile Communications (GSM) networks. We deployed SPARROW across tropical, temperate, and montane ecosystems in Colombia, Peru, Tanzania, and the United States, where it sustained 24/7 operation under variable environmental conditions and collected more than two million images and acoustic recordings in the first 190 days. The system demonstrated robust real-time classification and adaptive power management, achieving full autonomy without on-site human intervention. By integrating renewable energy, on-edge AI, and open-source design, SPARROW lowers the technical and financial barriers to ecological monitoring and establishes a scalable foundation for a distributed, intelligent network of sensors, an emerging "Internet of Living Things" for planetary biodiversity monitoring.
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