用扩散模型生成逼真导丝,提升血管造影中导丝定位精度。
VDSB-GWSyn: Diffusion Schrödinger Bridge for Controllable and Anatomically Feasible Guidewire Synthesis in Coronary Angiography

- 基于扩散薛定谔桥模型,结合血管分割约束生成导丝。
- 合成数据训练后定位误差降至7.71像素,准确率提升至86.27%。
- 适用于导丝等医疗器械的可控生成,适合数据稀缺场景。
冠状动脉导丝末端定位是计算机辅助PCI的关键能力,尤其在机器人辅助PCI中愈发重要,以降低操作者辐射暴露。然而,标注导丝的CAG图像稀缺,现有导丝生成模型适应性差,成为主要瓶颈。为此,我们提出VDSB-GWSyn,一种基于扩散薛定谔桥(DSB)的框架,可在复杂解剖背景下生成可控、高保真的导丝样本。该方法首先通过形状先验算法学习导丝基本几何结构,再在血管分割掩码约束下生成导丝掩码并输出端点坐标,最后利用条件SPADE的DSB在真实CAG图像上合成逼真导丝。实验表明,合成导丝在ROI-FID和ROI-KID指标上表现良好,且在下游导丝端点定位任务中,经合成数据预训练+真实数据微调后,平均位置误差从16.01像素降至7.71像素,3像素内的PCK从52.63%提升至86.27%,显著增强机器人导丝递送系统的临床可用性。其可控生成与严格背景保留、解剖可行性约束的设计理念,可推广至其他标注数据匮乏的介入器械感知任务。
原文摘要 · Abstract (English)
Coronary guidewire endpoint localization is a fundamental capability for computer-assisted PCI, and its importance increases as robot-assisted PCI is progressively adopted to reduce operator radiation exposure. However, the scarcity of annotated CAG images with guidewires and the limited adaptability of existing guidewire synthesis models remain key bottlenecks for guidewire endpoint localization. To address this issue, we propose VDSB-GWSyn, a Diffusion Schrödinger Bridge (DSB) model-based framework, enabling synthesis of controllable, high-fidelity guidewire samples under complex anatomical backgrounds. VDSB-GWSyn first uses our shape prior algorithm to learn the basic guidewire geometry. It then generates guidewire masks under constraints imposed by the vessel segmentation masks and outputs the corresponding endpoint coordinates. Finally, it synthesizes realistic guidewire samples on real CAG images using DSB conditioned with SPADE. Experimental results show that the guidewire samples synthesized by VDSB-GWSyn achieve favorable ROI-FID and ROI-KID, as well as high IPR scores. In addition, incorporating our synthesized data for synthetic pre-training followed by real fine-tuning substantially improves downstream guidewire endpoint localization, reducing MPE from 16.01~px to 7.71~px and increasing PCK at 3~px from 52.63\% to 86.27\%, leading to more clinically reliable deployment of robot-assisted guidewire delivery systems. Moreover, the core design philosophy of controllable device synthesis with strict background preservation and anatomical feasibility constraints has the potential to transfer to other interventional device perception tasks where annotated data are scarce.
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