用更紧凑的神经表示压缩高分辨率地形数据,支持快速解码和精确梯度计算。
Rethinking Amortized Neural Representations for High-Resolution Terrain Elevation Data

- 用超网络生成每块地形的轻量级编码,共享解码器实现高效重建。
- 在1米/像素地形数据上达到最高高度与梯度保真度,且解码成本更低。
- 对量化鲁棒,适合部署在资源受限场景,如移动设备或云服务。
隐式神经表示(INRs)将信号建模为连续的坐标到值的函数,适用于地形高程数据时可提供解析导数、任意分辨率解码和光滑表面模型。然而,为每块地形单独训练并存储一个INR无法扩展至大规模数据集。缓解放射神经表示通过共享网络降低开销:将新地块映射为紧凑的每块编码,再由共享解码器重构高程场。现有方法多为一次性前向传播生成编码的超网络,或通过短时优化恢复编码,但这些方法主要针对自然图像设计,其在地形数据上的适用性尚不明确。本文在1米/像素的地形数据集上构建可控基准,评估三种代表性方法。发现跨领域性能差距明显,提出HUVR+SIREN:在表现最佳方法HUVR基础上,替换其坐标解码器为平滑且解析可微的SIREN结构。该方法在基准测试中取得最优高度与导数保真度,无需额外每块存储,解码成本更低,并能承受激进的训练后量化而质量损失极小,形成紧凑的地形神经格式。消融实验进一步揭示哪些设计适用于地形,指出每块瓶颈已接近实用极限,剩余差距源于共享超网络的架构设计。
原文摘要 · Abstract (English)
Implicit neural representations (INRs) model a signal as a continuous coordinate-to-value function. For terrain elevation data, this supports analytic derivatives, arbitrary-resolution decoding, and a smooth surface model of the underlying heightfield. However, fitting and storing a separate INR for every tile does not scale to large terrain datasets. Amortized neural representations reduce this cost with a shared network: a new tile is mapped to a compact per-tile payload, and a shared decoder reconstructs the heightfield from it. Most such methods are hypernetworks that predict the payload in a single forward pass, while others recover it through a short per-tile optimization. These methods were developed primarily for natural images, and their suitability for terrain heightfields remains unclear. We introduce a controlled benchmark on a 1 m/pixel terrain dataset and evaluate three representative methods under a unified protocol. Observing a clear cross-domain gap, we propose HUVR+SIREN, a hypernetwork that adapts the strongest benchmarked method (HUVR) by replacing its coordinate decoder with a smooth, analytically differentiable one. It attains the best height and derivative fidelity on the benchmark with no additional per-tile storage and lower decode cost, and tolerates aggressive post-training quantization with negligible quality loss, giving a compact terrain neural format. Ablations and diagnostics further identify which design choices transfer to terrain and show that the per-tile bottleneck is already near its useful limit, leaving the remaining gap in the shared hypernetwork's architectural design.
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