测试文本编辑能否让多模态模型生成正确图像,发现效果差得离谱。
Do Text Edits Generalize to Visual Generation? Benchmarking Cross-Modal Knowledge Editing in UMMs

- 构建首个跨模态知识编辑基准UniKE,含2971个编辑任务。
- 文本编辑准确率达92%,图像生成仅18.5%,差距巨大。
- 提出推理增强编辑法,提升图像生成准确率最多18.6个百分点。
统一多模态模型(UMMs)作为通用多模态智能的新范式正迅速发展。在实际应用中,高效更新模型内部知识至关重要。尽管文本模型的知识编辑已趋成熟,但现有编辑是否能有效迁移到图像生成仍不明确。为此,我们提出UniKE——首个针对UMMs的跨模态知识编辑基准,包含2,971个编辑样本,涵盖属性与关系编辑。通过基于VQA的视觉验证,我们发现显著的模态鸿沟:文本侧编辑有效性可达约92%,而直接图像生成的最佳整体VQA准确率仅为18.5%。我们进一步提出推理增强参数编辑方法,显式激活编辑后的知识再生成,使所有评估模型-编辑器组合的总体VQA准确率均提升,最高达18.6个百分点。机制分析表明,该差距源于编辑后文本表示与图像生成条件路径间的部分对齐不足,即仅满足文本输出的编辑可能仍太弱或错位,无法有效引导图像合成。研究结果表明,文本知识编辑不能保证可靠的跨模态迁移,亟需设计模态感知的编辑方法。代码与数据已开源于https://github.com/gxx27/UniKE。
原文摘要 · Abstract (English)
Unified multimodal models (UMMs) have emerged as a promising paradigm for general-purpose multimodal intelligence. As they are deployed in real-world applications, effectively updating internal knowledge becomes critical. While knowledge editing has matured for text-only models, it remains unclear whether edits that successfully modify textual outputs also transfer to image generation in UMMs. To study this question, we introduce UniKE, the first benchmark for cross-modality knowledge editing in UMMs, comprising 2,971 edit subjects spanning attribute and relation edits. Using VQA-based visual verification, we reveal a striking modality gap: text-side efficacy can reach approximately 92%, whereas the best overall VQA accuracy under direct image generation is only 18.5%. We further propose Reasoning-augmented Parameter Editing, which explicitly activates edited knowledge before generation and improves overall VQA accuracy for all evaluated model-editor pairs, with gains up to 18.6 percentage points. Mechanistic analysis shows that this gap is associated with partial alignment between edited textual representations and the conditioning pathways for visual generation, where edits sufficient for text outputs may remain too weak or misaligned to steer image synthesis. These findings show that textual knowledge edits do not guarantee reliable cross-modality transfer and motivate modality-aware editing methods. Our code and data are available at https://github.com/gxx27/UniKE.
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