arXiv:2606.00537cs.RO2026-06被引 3

动态调整机器人执行动作的长度,让机械臂更聪明地完成复杂操作。

PACE: Phase-Aware Chunk Execution for Robot Policies with Action Chunking

论文配图:PACE: Phase-Aware Chunk Execution for Robot Policies with Action Chunking
图 1 · 摘自论文原文
  • 根据动作预测中的速度变化,自动识别该动作阶段何时该重规划。
  • 在仿真和真实机器人上平均成功率提升至70.4%,最高提高19.7%。
  • 无需重新训练或修改模型,可直接接入现有机器人策略系统。

近期基于视觉-语言-动作和扩散模型的机器人策略常采用动作分块机制:每次策略查询输出一串未来动作,机器人先开环执行前缀,再重新查询。这种设计虽提升了局部运动连续性,但部署时需确定执行时长——即每段动作应执行多久才重新感知环境。然而实验发现,任务成功度与执行时长呈非单调、强任务依赖关系,单一固定时长不可靠。本文提出PACE(阶段感知分块执行),一种无需训练的测试时执行方法,能从预测动作序列中在线选择最优执行时长。PACE利用操作轨迹的速度特性,通过识别预测速度曲线中的低速过渡点作为候选重规划边界。由于仅依赖预测动作序列,无需访问策略内部或重新训练,具备即插即用性。在50个RoboTwin2.0任务上的大规模评估显示,平均成功率从57.8%提升至64.2%;在双臂ALOHA和单臂Franka真实机器人平台上,平均任务得分从60.7升至77.7,成功率从50.7%提升至70.4%。消融实验与轨迹分析表明,PACE能在不同操作阶段自适应调整执行时长,在过渡区缩短执行,而在平稳运动中保持较长执行周期。

原文摘要 · Abstract (English)

Recent vision-language-action and diffusion-based robot policies often use action chunking, where each policy query predicts a sequence of future actions and the robot executes an open-loop prefix before re-querying. While this interface improves local motion continuity, deployment still requires choosing the execution horizon: how much of each predicted chunk should be executed before acquiring a new observation. However, our experiments show that success is strongly task-dependent and non-monotonic with respect to the execution horizon, making a single constant horizon an unreliable deployment rule. We propose PACE (Phase-Aware Chunk Execution), a training-free test-time execution method that selects the execution horizon online from the predicted chunk itself. PACE exploits the phase-dependent kinematic structure of manipulation trajectories by identifying low-speed transition points in the predicted speed profile and using them as candidate replanning boundaries. Because PACE uses only the predicted action chunk, it is plug-and-play and requires no retraining or access to policy internals. We validate PACE through large-scale evaluations in both simulation and real-robot settings. On 50 RoboTwin2.0 tasks, PACE raises the average success rate from 57.8% to 64.2%. In real-robot experiments on bimanual ALOHA and single-arm Franka platforms, PACE improves the average task score from 60.7 to 77.7 and the average success rate from 50.7% to 70.4%. Ablations and rollout-level analyses show that PACE adapts execution horizons across manipulation phases, shortening near transitions while preserving longer execution during coherent motion.

机器人控制动作分块自适应执行强化学习

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