动态调整机器人任务部署位置,降低延迟和超时风险。
Edge-Based QoS-Aware Adaptive Task Placement: A Closed-Loop Control in Multi-Robot Systems

- 基于实时延迟与资源负载,自动切换任务执行位置。
- 相比固定部署,任务超时率下降,尾部延迟显著减少。
- 适合对实时性要求高的工业机器人系统使用。
多机器人系统(MRS)越来越多地将计算密集型感知任务卸载到边缘节点,以满足严格的时敏服务质量(QoS)要求。然而,在共享边缘节点上采用静态任务编排会因网络延迟、抖动及边缘资源争用而严重恶化QoS。本文构建了一个基于Raspberry Pi节点的边缘中心型MRS测试平台,评估三种模式下的相机到机械臂流水线性能:本地执行、静态卸载,以及一种面向QoS的自适应任务放置(ATP)控制器。ATP在两秒控制窗口内,通过综合考虑归一化延迟、CPU利用率和切换开销的多指标成本函数评分候选部署方案。测试平台配备亚毫秒级时钟同步、网络仿真及跨节点多维度监控,以捕捉真实抖动。在计算压力与网络故障场景下的实验结果表明,静态边缘卸载虽减轻了机载CPU负载,却放大了尾部延迟并增加截止时间错过次数;而基于测量延迟与利用率阈值动态切换任务部署的ATP控制器,持续降低了截止时间违规和尾部延迟。总体而言,该研究将ATP定位为多机器人系统中实用的边缘侧控制原语,并为云-边机器人部署提供了具体设计指南,同时推动工业信息物理系统中面向QoS的多目标工作负载编排发展。
原文摘要 · Abstract (English)
Multi-robot systems (MRS) increasingly offload compute-intensive perception tasks to edge nodes to meet strict time-sensitive Quality-of-Service (QoS) constraints. However, static task orchestration on a shared edge node can severely degrade QoS due to network latency, jitter, and edge-resource contention. We present a pilot edge-centric MRS testbed using Raspberry Pi nodes to evaluate a camera-to-manipulator pipeline under three modes: local execution, static offloading, and a QoS-aware Adaptive Task Placement (ATP) controller. ATP scores candidate placements using a multi-metric cost (normalized latency, CPU utilization, and switching overhead) over two-second control windows. The closed-loop visual servoing testbed is instrumented with sub-millisecond clock synchronization, network emulation, and detailed monitoring of multiple metrics across nodes to capture realistic jitter. Experimental results under compute-stress and network-fault scenarios show that static edge offloading reduces on-board CPU load but amplifies tail latency and deadline misses. In contrast, the QoS-aware ATP controller, by switching task placement based on measured latency and utilization thresholds, consistently lowers deadline violations and tail latency. Overall, the results position ATP as a practical edge-side control primitive for MRS and concrete design guidelines for Cloud-Edge Robotics deployments within the broader cloud-fog automation, while motivating QoS-aware multi-objective workload orchestration for industrial cyber-physical systems.
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