用专家混合机制动态优化目标检测框回归,提升定位精度。
MoEIoU: Rethinking Bounding-Box Regression as a Mixture of Experts

- 引入专家混合损失,按训练阶段动态调整位置、形状与重叠误差权重。
- 在PASCAL VOC、COCO等数据集上,比现有最优损失提升1.5%以上mAP。
- 适合需要高精度定位的检测任务,尤其对小目标和复杂形状有效。
边界框回归是目标检测的核心组件,直接影响定位精度。现有基于交并比(IoU)的损失函数通过引入中心距、长宽比不匹配等几何惩罚项来改进回归效果,但这些惩罚项在训练过程中固定不变,无法适应预测框从初始大误差到后期精细调整的动态过程。为此,我们提出MoEIoU,一种基于专家混合的回归损失,联合建模重叠度、中心对齐和长宽比失配。该方法采用log-sum-exp聚合方式,突出主导误差项的同时保持其他项平滑贡献,并设计课程学习式权重调度策略,在训练初期优先纠正位置与形状误差,后期聚焦提升重叠度。我们在PASCAL VOC、HRIPCB和MS COCO上使用多种YOLO架构进行评估,结果表明,MoEIoU持续优于标准及最新状态的损失函数,实现更快收敛与更高定位精度。进一步实验显示,该自适应聚合机制可增强现有IoU类损失,带来一致性能提升,为检测框架中的边界框回归提供更有效的优化引导。
原文摘要 · Abstract (English)
Bounding-box regression is a fundamental component of object detection, playing a critical role in precise object localization. Existing Intersection-over-Union (IoU)-based loss functions extend the IoU objective by incorporating geometric penalties, such as center-distance and aspect-ratio mismatch, to improve bounding-box regression. However, these penalties typically remain fixed throughout training and do not account for the optimization dynamics in which predicted boxes initially exhibit large center-distance and shape errors, with later stages focusing on improving overlap with the ground truth. To address this limitation, we introduce MoEIoU, a mixture-of-experts based regression loss that jointly models overlap, center alignment, and aspect-ratio mismatch. MoEIoU aggregates these components using a log-sum-exp function, which emphasizes the dominant localization error while maintaining smooth contributions from other terms. Additionally, a curriculum-based weighting schedule is employed to prioritize correcting box position and shape in early training stages and improving overlap in later stages. We evaluated proposed MoEIoU on PASCAL VOC, HRIPCB, and MS COCO using multiple YOLO architectures, along with large-scale simulation experiments. It consistently outperforms standard and recent state-of-the-art losses, demonstrating faster convergence and improved localization accuracy. We further show that this adaptive aggregation improves existing IoU-based losses, yielding consistent gains and providing more effective optimization guidance for bounding-box regression in object detection frameworks.
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