让跨机构协作的AI代理在不暴露数据的前提下安全路由。
SS-ZKR: Spatial-Semantic Zero-Knowledge Routing for Privacy-Preserving Multi-Agent Collaboration
- 用零知识证明和差分隐私实现内容语义的隐藏路由
- 支持金融、医疗等领域合规场景下的隐私保护协同
- 可将可视化信任拓扑转为加密访问规则,适合高安全需求场景
现有的基础代理互操作标准(如A2A协议和MCP)以及基于W3C去中心化标识符(DIDs)和可验证凭据(VCs)的身份框架,虽提升了多智能体系统通信能力,但尚无协议能在不解密的情况下实现跨组织信任边界的语义内容路由,这在受GDPR、HIPAA和MiFID II等法规约束的环境中是硬性要求。本文提出SS-ZKR,一种基于A2A/MCP之上的三机制隐私保护路由协议:机制一通过差分隐私的语义意图向量与零知识证明绑定实现盲路由;机制二对数值字段施加(ε, δ)-差分隐私,对文本字段采用启发式语义聚合进行自适应清洗;机制三将视觉定义的信任区域拓扑编译为确定性的零知识访问电路。我们构建了形式化威胁模型,分析了意图向量的信息泄露上限,给出三机制伪代码,并与基于可信执行环境(TEE)和同态加密的基线方案进行了复杂度对比。该方案使金融、医疗、国防领域企业可在合规前提下,跨监管边界协调异构AI代理,且不向路由基础设施暴露敏感数据。
原文摘要 · Abstract (English)
Foundational agent interoperability standards, notably the Agent-to-Agent (A2A) protocol and the Model Context Protocol (MCP), have advanced multi-agent system communication, and complementary identity frameworks leveraging W3C Decentralised Identifiers (DIDs) and Verifiable Credentials (VCs) provide cryptographic agent authentication. However, no existing protocol supports content-based semantic routing of agent payloads across organisational trust boundaries without requiring the routing intermediary to decrypt the payload, which is a hard constraint in compliance-sensitive environments governed by GDPR, HIPAA, and MiFID II. We propose SS-ZKR, a three-mechanism privacy-preserving routing protocol designed as a complementary layer atop A2A/MCP. Mechanism I introduces blind routing via differentially private semantic intent vectors cryptographically bound to zero-knowledge proofs of payload-schema consistency. Mechanism II offers vector-weighted adaptive payload sanitisation with formal (epsilon, delta)-differential privacy for numerical fields and heuristic semantic aggregation for textual fields. Mechanism III presents a spatial-to-cryptographic policy compiler that translates visually defined trust-zone topologies into deterministic zero-knowledge access circuits. We provide a formal threat model, analyse information leakage bounds of intent vectors, present pseudocode for all three mechanisms, and give analytical complexity comparisons against TEE-based and homomorphic encryption-based routing baselines. SS-ZKR lets enterprises in financial services, healthcare, and defence orchestrate heterogeneous AI agents across regulatory boundaries without exposing proprietary data to routing infrastructure.
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