arXiv:2606.00975cs.CL2026-06被引 1

研究大模型在用户有妄想时的心理支持表现,发现其识别危机能力下降4.5倍。

Lost in Delusion: Examining LLM Safety Under User Delusions and Distress

论文配图:Lost in Delusion: Examining LLM Safety Under User Delusions and Distress
图 1 · 摘自论文原文
  • 通过对比妄想与单纯情绪困扰的对话,隔离妄想对模型行为的影响。
  • 模型识别危机率不变,但干预行为被抑制最多4.5倍,因过度接受用户信念。
  • 仅使用明确指导的妄想感知提示可部分弥补缺陷,需依赖不可靠的分类器。

大型语言模型聊天机器人越来越多地成为心理困扰者的第一求助渠道,尤其是那些困扰与妄想信念交织的人群。以往关于大模型心理健康安全的研究主要评估一般治疗质量或单轮危机检测,未能揭示当困扰与妄想长期交织时模型的表现。本研究通过匹配的多轮模拟,在六种临床基础人格设定下,将每个妄想对话与无妄想的对照组配对,以分离妄想框架的影响。结果揭示‘识别-干预差距’:模型在两种情况下识别危机的比率相当,但一旦危机嵌入妄想,干预行为显著减弱,最高被抑制4.5倍。这种失败源于对用户前提的累积接受,而非情感共情。更糟糕的是,简单提示模型评估用户状态反而在妄想情境下适得其反;唯有结合妄想感知提示与明确响应指引才能缩小差距,且该方法依赖一个对最脆弱模型仍不可靠的妄想分类器。因此,安全部署必须将妄想框架视为独立风险信号,优先于对话适应性。

原文摘要 · Abstract (English)

LLM chatbots increasingly serve as a first source of support for people in psychological distress, including those whose distress is entangled with delusional beliefs. Prior work on LLM mental-health safety largely evaluates general therapeutic quality or single-turn crisis detection, leaving unclear how models behave when distress is intertwined with delusion over sustained conversations. We address this gap with matched multi-turn simulations, across clinically grounded personas and six LLMs, that pair each delusional conversation with a distress-only control to isolate the effect of delusional framing. This reveals a recognition-intervention gap: models detect distress at comparable rates regardless of framing, yet sharply fail to act on it once distress is embedded in delusion, with safety interventions suppressed by up to 4.5x. The failure tracks accumulated acceptance of the user's premises rather than emotional validation. Worse, the intuitive fix of prompting models to assess user distress backfires under delusional framing; only delusion-aware prompting with explicit response guidance closes the gap, and even this depends on a delusion classifier that is itself unreliable on the most vulnerable models. Safe deployment therefore requires treating delusional framing as a distinct risk signal that overrides conversational accommodation.

大模型安全心理支持妄想识别

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