arXiv:2606.01047cs.RO2026-06被引 1

提出MATE框架,让机器人在数据少时也能高效融合视觉、语言和轨迹信息完成操作。

Learning Multi-Modal Trajectory Policies for Data-Efficient Robotic Manipulation

论文配图:Learning Multi-Modal Trajectory Policies for Data-Efficient Robotic Manipulation
图 1 · 摘自论文原文
  • 用多模态专家混合模型解耦不同输入特征,避免干扰
  • 跨模态余弦路由实现稳定专家分配,数据少时仍有效
  • 适合数据稀缺场景下的机器人抓取与轨迹预测任务

机器人操作需要有效整合视觉观测、语言指令和轨迹表示等异构输入以生成精准动作。现有基于Transformer的策略通常在共享参数空间中处理这些异构模态,常导致模态干扰和表征学习效率低下,尤其在数据稀缺情况下。虽然专家混合(MoE)可通过专家专精实现可扩展性,但传统路由机制对跨模态表征差异敏感,易引发专家分配不稳定和专家坍缩。本文提出MATE(Multi-ModAl TrajEctory Policies),一种基于MoE的新型轨迹预测框架。具体地,引入多模态MoE架构实现细粒度子令牌特征解耦,并设计跨模态余弦路由,确保在异构模态间稳定且尺度不变的专家分配。进一步采用温度控制路由与随机噪声注入,提升专家均衡性,防止在稀疏示范下过早路由坍缩。在LIBERO基准上的实验表明,MATE在数据稀缺条件下持续优于先前方法,平均成功率较轨迹引导基线提升4.75%。真实世界中的乒乓机器人实验也表明,预测轨迹能为下游机器人执行提供有效指导,验证了算法的实际可行性。

原文摘要 · Abstract (English)

Robotic manipulation requires the effective integration of heterogeneous inputs, including visual observations, language instructions, and trajectory representations, to generate accurate actions. Existing transformer-based policies typically process these heterogeneous modalities within a shared parameter space, which often leads to modality interference and inefficient representation learning, especially in data-scarce scenarios. While Mixture-of-Experts (MoE) offers a scalable solution through expert specialization, conventional routing mechanisms are often sensitive to such cross-modal representation discrepancies, resulting in unstable expert assignment and expert collapse. In this work, we propose MATE (Multi-ModAl TrajEctory Policies), a novel trajectory prediction framework built upon MoE. Specifically, we introduce a Multi-Modal MoE architecture to achieve fine-grained sub-token feature decoupling, and design a cross-modal cosine router for stable and scale-invariant expert assignment across heterogeneous modalities. We further employ temperature-controlled routing and stochastic noise injection to improve expert balance and prevent premature routing collapse under scarce demonstrations. Experiments on the LIBERO benchmark show that our MATE consistently outperforms prior work under data scarcity. It achieves a 4.75% improvement in average success rate over the trajectory-guided counterpart. Real-world experiments on robotic ping-pong also suggest that the predicted trajectories can provide useful guidance for downstream robotic execution, further indicating the practical feasibility of our algorithm.

机器人操作多模态学习轨迹预测

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