让技能和工具协同进化,自动修复缺陷并提升复杂任务表现
SkillSmith: Co-Evolving Skills and Tools for Self-Improving Agent Systems

- 技能与工具在统一空间中联合优化,可动态拆分、组合或替换工具
- 在多个基准上超越基线,复杂任务下性能优势更明显
- 记录失败模式,避免重复错误,适合构建自升级智能体系统
近期自演化智能体已证明可通过执行发现、优化和积累技能。然而,现有框架通常假设工具层固定,且独立评估每个技能,难以修复工具级故障或推理技能间交互。我们提出SkillSmith,一种兼顾技能与工具协同进化的框架。SkillSmith引入统一提议空间,通过反思生成同时修改技能与工具的原子组合包,使工具可根据技能演化需求被包装、编辑、组合、拆分或退役。为引导联合搜索,该框架采用受洛特卡-沃尔泰拉动力学启发的生态效用模型,通过执行轨迹估计的交互矩阵捕捉技能间的互补性与冲突,提供检索、突变优先级和淘汰的驱动信号。此外,SkillSmith记录反模式(包括失败特征、因果归因与修复方案),加速诊断并阻止重复已知错误。在三个基准(含WildClawBench)及五个Qwen3.5模型规模上的实验表明,SkillSmith持续优于强基线,性能增益随任务复杂度和多技能协同激活而放大。
原文摘要 · Abstract (English)
Recent self-evolving agents have shown that skills can be discovered, refined, and accumulated through execution. However, existing skill-evolution frameworks typically assume a fixed tool layer and evaluate each skill independently, limiting their ability to repair tool-level failures or reason about interactions among skills. We propose SkillSmith, a synergy-aware skill-tool co-evolution framework. SkillSmith introduces a unified proposal space in which reflection produces atomic bundles that jointly modify skills and tools, allowing tools to be wrapped, edited, composed, split, or retired when skill evolution identifies a reusable capability gap. To guide this joint search, SkillSmith maintains an ecological utility model inspired by Lotka-Volterra dynamics, where an interaction matrix estimated from execution traces captures pairwise complementarity and conflict among skills and provides pressure signals for retrieval, mutation prioritization, and retirement. Furthermore, SkillSmith records anti-patterns, including failure signatures, causal attributions, and remedies, to accelerate diagnosis and veto proposals that repeat known mistakes. Experiments on three benchmarks, including WildClawBench, and five Qwen3.5 model scales show that SkillSmith consistently outperforms strong baselines, with gains that amplify as task complexity and multi-skill co-activation increase.
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