用大模型筛选出22万关键函数,让漏洞研究从大海捞针变高效聚焦。
Needles at Scale: LLM-Assisted Target Selection for Windows Vulnerability Research
- 通过符号恢复与结构特征匹配,自动标注函数风险等级和漏洞类型
- 在700多万函数中筛选出约2.2万个高价值候选函数
- 适合安全研究人员或自动化工具做漏洞挖掘的前置过滤
现代操作系统的攻击面如同一片巨大的草堆:数以千计的已签名二进制文件、数百万个函数,其中几乎无一与特定漏洞相关。人类分析师或大模型代理必须先选出值得分析的目标函数。在整个操作系统范围内,目标选择而非分析才是瓶颈。我们提出Symbolicate-Enrich-Sample,一种低成本批量处理流程,将生产环境下的Windows二进制文件转化为可查询、优先级排序的研究队列。该方法(i)通过自动获取公开符号文件并关联恢复的调用图,为剥离符号的厂商二进制文件还原函数级符号;(ii)为每个命名函数附加低成本、确定性的结构特征,并基于这些特征使用轻量语言模型分配可达性层级、风险等级、漏洞类别假设及推理依据;(iii)通过优先加权重要性采样生成多样化、优先级分明的批次。其贡献是构建一个选择基础层——下游检测器或大模型代理在此之上运行。在包含7,231,419个函数的完整Windows镜像上,该标签体系具有显著选择性,叠加确定性过滤后仅剩约22,000个函数作为候选‘针尖’,数量足以供人工或代理处理。我们评估了管道的选择性与失效模式,描述方法论并报告聚合统计数据;出于法律与双重用途考虑,不公开衍生数据集。
原文摘要 · Abstract (English)
The attack surface of a modern operating system is a haystack: thousands of signed binaries and millions of functions, almost none relevant to any given vulnerability. A human analyst or an LLM agent must pick the function worth reading before analyzing it. At whole-OS scope, this target selection, not the analysis, is the binding constraint. We present Symbolicate-Enrich-Sample, a low-cost batch pipeline that turns a corpus of production Windows binaries into a queryable, priority-ranked research queue. We (i) recover function-level symbols for stripped vendor binaries by auto-fetching the public symbol files and joining them to a recovered call graph; (ii) attach cheap, deterministic structural features to each named function and, conditioned on those features, use a low-cost language model to assign a reachability tier, a risk level, a bug-class hypothesis, and a rationale; and (iii) draw diverse, prioritized batches via a priority-weighted importance sampler. The contribution is a selection substrate: the prioritization layer a downstream detector or LLM agent runs on top of. Across a whole Windows image of 7,231,419 functions, the labels are markedly selective, and stacking deterministic filters on them leaves a ~22K-function shortlist: the candidate needles, few enough for a human or agent to work through. We characterize the pipeline's selectivity and its failure modes, describe the methodology, and report aggregate statistics; we withhold the derived dataset for legal and dual-use reasons.
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