arXiv:2606.01416cs.AI2026-06被引 7

让大模型工具系统自动诊断并修复故障,提升可靠性。

Self-Healing Agentic Orchestrators for Reliable Tool-Augmented Large Language Model Systems

论文配图:Self-Healing Agentic Orchestrators for Reliable Tool-Augmented Large Language Model Systems
图 1 · 摘自论文原文
  • 通过观察故障信号分类,按预算选择修复动作
  • 98.8%任务成功率,优于现有方法,尤其单次修复时差距显著
  • 支持验证闭环,适合对稳定性要求高的应用

工具增强的大语言模型(LLM)代理依赖编排层协调规划、检索、工具调用、验证、记忆与恢复。系统故障不仅来自模型错误,还源于编排层面问题,如工具超时、参数格式错误、上下文过期、证据矛盾、重试循环和未验证中间输出。本文提出一种自愈式代理编排器,将可靠性视为受控的运行时控制问题。该编排器将可观测故障信号映射为故障类别,在明确预算下选择针对性恢复动作,验证恢复轨迹,并记录可观测性日志。在100个任务的故障注入基准测试中,自愈方法达到98.8%任务成功率,优于仅重试(94.5%)和全重规划(93.8%)。在单次恢复预算下,自愈表现分别为94.0%、85.3%和88.2%。在语义静默故障场景中,验证器引导的自愈将静默错误降至0.0%,而无验证基线频繁返回看似合理但错误的答案。模型内回路验证表明,同一恢复机制在本地故障注入工具上仍可运行。结果证明,感知故障、预算约束与验证引导的编排能显著提升工具增强型LLM系统的可靠性与可诊断性。

原文摘要 · Abstract (English)

Tool-augmented large language model (LLM) agents rely on orchestration layers that coordinate planning, retrieval, tool invocation, validation, memory, and recovery. In these systems, failures arise not only from model errors, but also from orchestration-level issues such as tool timeouts, malformed arguments, stale context, contradictory evidence, retry loops, and unverified intermediate outputs. This paper presents a self-healing agentic orchestrator that treats reliability as a bounded runtime control problem. The orchestrator maps observable failure signals to inferred failure classes, selects targeted recovery actions under explicit budgets, verifies recovered trajectories, and records observability traces. We evaluate the approach on a 100-task controlled fault-injection benchmark against static workflow, retry-only, ReAct-style, and full-replanning baselines. Self-healing achieves 98.8\% task success, compared with 94.5\% for retry-only and 93.8\% for full replanning. A matched recovery-budget sweep shows that self-healing outperforms retry-only and full replanning at every tested budget, with the largest gap under a single recovery attempt: 94.0\% versus 85.3\% and 88.2\%, respectively. Under a controlled semantic silent-failure setting, verifier-guided self-healing reduces silent failures to 0.0\%, while non-verifying baselines return wrong-but-plausible outputs more often. A compact model-in-the-loop validation shows that the same recovery mechanism can operate when a live tool-calling model performs tool selection, argument generation, and answer synthesis over local fault-injected tools. These results provide controlled evidence that failure-aware, budgeted, and verification-guided orchestration improves reliability and diagnosability in tool-augmented LLM systems.

大模型系统自愈机制可靠性

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