Crazyflow是超快可微分无人机仿真器,支持从单机到千机编队的高效算法开发。
Crazyflow: An Accurate, GPU-Accelerated, Differentiable Drone Simulator in JAX

- 基于JAX实现可微分仿真,支持梯度与采样方法并行
- 单机仿真速度超现有工具10倍以上,千机编队每秒处理超5亿步
- 可实现在飞行中0.38秒内完成策略训练,适合高速强化学习研究
高质量、大规模的合成数据正成为推动机器人算法发展的基石。尽管空中机器人仿真器已分别在保真度、可微分性与集群模拟方面取得进展,但缺乏能统一支持这些能力的平台。本文提出Crazyflow,一个旨在突破空载机器人算法开发极限的仿真系统,覆盖从模型驱动到数据驱动、梯度优化到采样方法、单机到多机系统的全场景需求。相比现有最先进无人机仿真器,其单机仿真速度提升一个数量级以上,可同时模拟数千个含4000架无人机的编队。真实实验表明,Crazyflow支持基于解析梯度的策略学习,在无需领域随机化的情况下实现亚厘米级轨迹跟踪精度;同时实现采样式避障,速度超过每秒5亿步。突破传统“训练后部署”范式,其超高速度甚至支持飞行中在线强化学习:我们通过将物理无人机抛入空中,仅用0.38秒即从零开始训练出恢复策略并成功稳定飞行。Crazyflow支持多层次仿真抽象,兼容所有开源Crazyflie模型,并提供轻量级系统辨识流程,可快速适配自定义无人机平台与应用。通过同时提升精度、速度与可微分性,Crazyflow作为开源合成数据生成资源,具备大规模并行化能力,支持执行中的在线学习与优化,为新型算法开发开辟新路径。
原文摘要 · Abstract (English)
High-quality, large-scale synthetic data from simulations is becoming a cornerstone for pushing the capabilities of robot algorithms. While aerial robotics simulators have evolved to support specialized needs such as fidelity, differentiability, and swarms independently, a unified platform that can synthesize data across all these domains is missing. In this work, we propose Crazyflow, a simulator designed to push the limits of aerial-robotics algorithm development, from model-based to data-driven methods, gradient-based to sampling-based approaches, and single-agent to multi-agent systems. Compared to existing state-of-the-art drone simulators, it achieves speeds more than an order of magnitude faster for a single drone and can simulate thousands of swarms of 4000 drones each. Real-world experiments show Crazyflow supports both analytical-gradient-based policy learning, achieving sub-centimeter trajectory tracking accuracy without domain randomization, and sampling-based obstacle avoidance at speeds exceeding half a billion steps per second. Breaking the traditional train-then-deploy paradigm, we show that its unprecedented speed even enables in-flight reinforcement learning; we demonstrate this by throwing a physical drone into the air and training a recovery policy from scratch in 0.38 seconds, successfully stabilizing the drone. Crazyflow supports multiple levels of simulation abstraction, is directly compatible with all open-source Crazyflie models, and enables rapid reconfiguration across custom drone platforms and applications by providing a light-weight system identification pipeline. By pushing accuracy, speed, and differentiability simultaneously, Crazyflow serves as an open-source resource for synthetic data generation, with emerging capabilities for large-scale parallelization for online, in-execution learning and optimization, opening the door to novel algorithm development.
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