arXiv:2606.01738cs.CLcs.AI2026-06被引 2

无需训练即可检测多轮越狱攻击,有效防止模型被诱导输出有害内容。

THRD: A Training-Free Multi-Turn Defense Framework for Jailbreak Attacks on Large Language Models

论文配图:THRD: A Training-Free Multi-Turn Defense Framework for Jailbreak Attacks on Large Language Models
图 1 · 摘自论文原文
  • 通过时序风险聚合机制,动态评估每轮对话的安全性。
  • 在两个目标模型上将攻击成功率降至0.2%~4.0%,性能损失低于1.5%。
  • 适合需要高安全性的大模型应用,如客服、教育和内容审核系统。

多轮越狱攻击利用对话的渐进式升级与跨轮协调对大语言模型构成威胁。现有防御方法要么依赖昂贵的再训练(常导致模型能力下降),要么孤立分析每一轮,无法捕捉风险沿交互轨迹累积的过程。我们发现,多轮对话中的安全行为具有路径依赖性:对话历史持续重塑模型的上下文条件,仅孤立评估每一轮不足以识别风险。基于此洞察,我们提出THRD——首个无需训练的多轮越狱防御框架,显式建模时间维度上的风险累积。THRD集成四个模块:逐轮风险评估器(TRA)进行即时风险估计,历史上下文分析器(HCA)检测跨轮意图升级,响应评估器(RE)识别助长性输出,以及决策模块,通过随时间演化的评分机制结合信号,并采用衰减调制与趋势感知调整。在两种目标模型上对抗最先进的多轮攻击(包括基于树搜索与多智能体协作的方法)的实验表明,THRD将攻击成功率(ASR)降至0.2%–4.0%,同时在MMLU和GSM8K上的性能下降不超过1.5%。消融实验验证各模块非冗余贡献及跨架构稳定性。首次拒绝触发分析显示,超过70%的多轮攻击需到第2轮或之后才可被检测,证实了显式时序聚合的必要性。

原文摘要 · Abstract (English)

Multi-turn jailbreak attacks pose a growing threat to LLMs by exploiting conversational dynamics such as gradual escalation and cross-turn coordination. Existing defenses either rely on costly retraining -- often degrading model utility -- or apply single-turn analysis independently at each turn, failing to capture how risk accumulates along interaction trajectories. We observe that safety behavior in multi-turn interaction is trajectory-dependent: dialogue history continuously reshapes the model's conditioning context, making it insufficient to evaluate each turn in isolation. Motivated by this insight, we present THRD, the first training-free framework that explicitly models temporal risk accumulation for multi-turn jailbreak defense. THRD integrates four modules: a Turn-level Risk Assessor (TRA) for instantaneous risk estimation, a Historical Context Analyzer (HCA) for cross-turn intent escalation detection, a Response Evaluator (RE) for identifying facilitative outputs, and a Decision Module that combines these signals through a time-evolving scoring mechanism with attenuation-based modulation and trend-aware adjustment. Experiments against state-of-the-art multi-turn attacks -- including tree-search-based and multi-agent collaborative methods -- across two target models show that THRD reduces ASR to 0.2--4.0% while preserving model utility within 1.5% degradation on MMLU and GSM8K. Ablation studies confirm non-redundant module contributions and stable cross-architecture generalization. Analysis of first rejection triggers reveals that over 70% of multi-turn attacks require Turn~2 or later to detect, validating the necessity of explicit temporal aggregation.

越狱防御多轮对话安全增强无训练

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