arXiv:2606.01767cs.AI2026-06

让脑电模型像人一样持续学习多个任务,不遗忘旧知识。

EvoBrain: Continual Learning of EEG Foundation Models Across Heterogeneous BCI Tasks

论文配图:EvoBrain: Continual Learning of EEG Foundation Models Across Heterogeneous BCI Tasks
图 1 · 摘自论文原文
  • 设计动态框架,按任务特性自动调整模型以适应新任务
  • 在6个不同脑机任务上超越现有方法,有效减少遗忘
  • 适合需要长期学习新任务的脑机接口研究者

脑电图(EEG)是无创脑机接口的核心,但传统解码依赖孤立的任务专用架构,严重限制跨任务扩展性。尽管大规模预训练的脑电基础模型有望实现通用解码,但现有方法依赖任务隔离的微调,导致知识无法跨异构任务迁移,且计算与存储开销随任务数量线性增长。为此,本文将下游适配建模为跨任务持续学习问题,提出EvoBrain——一种动态、任务感知的持续学习框架,用于统一脑电解码。该框架通过两个互补组件解决可塑性-稳定性权衡:(1) 神经频谱任务归一化(NSN)对齐新任务与历史统计,重校频谱响应以应对分布和神经频谱变化;(2) 响应亲和蒸馏(RAD)结合时间依赖回放,保留旧任务响应结构,促进频谱兼容任务间的有选择性知识迁移,显著缓解遗忘。在六个不同脑机接口任务上的大量实验表明,EvoBrain在多种基础模型架构上均持续优于当前最优方法,最佳平衡了可塑性与稳定性。据我们所知,这是首个在脑电领域实现跨任务持续学习的工作,推动了统一、一劳永逸式脑解码系统的实现。

原文摘要 · Abstract (English)

Electroencephalography (EEG) is the cornerstone of non-invasive brain-computer interfaces (BCIs), yet conventional decoding relies on fragmented, task-specific architectures that severely limit cross-task scalability. While EEG foundation models pre-trained on massive corpora promise universal brain decoding, current post-training depends on task-isolated fine-tuning. This static paradigm restricts knowledge transfer across heterogeneous tasks, hinders model scalability, and incurs computational and storage overheads that scale linearly with task count. To overcome these bottlenecks, we formulate downstream adaptation as a cross-task continual learning problem and propose EvoBrain, a dynamic, task-aware continual learning framework for unified EEG decoding. EvoBrain addresses the plasticity-stability trade-off via two complementary components: (1) Neuro-Spectral Task Normalization (NSN) aligns incoming tasks with historical statistics while recalibrating spectral responses to handle distributional and neuro-spectral shifts; and (2) Response-Affinity Distillation (RAD), combined with time-dependent replay, preserves old-task response geometry and promotes selective knowledge transfer between spectrally compatible tasks, effectively mitigating forgetting. Extensive evaluations across six distinct BCI tasks demonstrate that EvoBrain consistently surpasses state-of-the-art methods across diverse foundation backbones, optimally balancing plasticity and stability. To our knowledge, this work pioneers cross-task continual learning in the EEG domain, advancing the realization of a unified, one-for-all brain decoding system.

脑机接口持续学习脑电模型

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