提出新方法防止工业异常检测中历史正常模式遗忘,支持持续学习新类别。
Normality-Preserving Continual Industrial Anomaly Detection via Orthogonal LoRA Banks

- 用正交LoRA库冻结旧类别正常特征,防止新任务干扰。
- 在VisA数据集上像素级准确率提升3.2点,误报率降低1.3。
- 适合长期连续添加新产品的工业质检场景。
基于扩散模型的持续工业异常检测面临历史正常性先验漂移和灾难性遗忘问题。现有方法通过回放或约束优化保留知识,但缺乏对类别特定正常性先验的显式隔离与保护机制。尽管低秩适配(LoRA)提供模块化残差更新,标准LoRA既不冻结历史正常子空间,也无法阻止新适配器干扰旧适配。为此,本文提出一种保正常性的持续异常检测框架,包含两个模块:历史冻结正交LoRA库(HF-OLB)与分层新颖性自适应银行增长模块(HNABG)。HF-OLB冻结预训练U-Net主干及已学LoRA库,并将新任务的正常性残差约束在历史LoRA子空间的正交补空间内。HNABG按层分配残差容量,仅当残差正常性新颖性超过现有库表达能力时才扩展银行。在MVTec和VisA上的大量实验表明,该方法有效保留长期持续类别序列中的历史正常性先验。在挑战性的VisA 2x6设置下,图像与像素级A-AUROC分别为83.6/91.8,FM为3.8/3.9,像素级A-AUROC相比现有最优结果提升3.2点,同时像素级FM降低1.3。
原文摘要 · Abstract (English)
Continual industrial anomaly detection with diffusion models suffers from historical normality prior drift and catastrophic forgetting. Existing continual diffusion methods preserve previous knowledge through replay or constrained optimization, but they lack an explicit mechanism for isolating and protecting category-specific normality priors during sequential adaptation. Although low-rank adaptation provides modular residual updates, standard LoRA neither freezes historical normality subspaces nor prevents new adapters from interfering with previous ones. To address this issue, we propose a normality-preserving continual anomaly detection framework based on two modules: History Frozen Orthogonal LoRA Bank (HF-OLB) and Hierarchical Novelty Adaptive Bank Growth module (HNABG). HF-OLB freezes both the pre-trained U-Net backbone and the learned LoRA banks, and constrains new task-specific normality residuals to the orthogonal complement of historical LoRA subspaces. HNABG further allocates layer-dependent residual capacity and expands the bank only when the residual normality novelty exceeds the expressive capacity of existing banks. Extensive experiments on MVTec and VisA demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed method. On the challenging VisA 2x6 setting, our method achieves 83.6/91.8 image and pixel level A-AUROC with 3.8/3.9 FM, improving pixel level A-AUROC over the state of the art by 3.2 points while reducing pixel level FM by 1.3. These results show that our method effectively preserves historical normality priors in long horizon continual category sequences.
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