让神经路由模型在决策时显式关注边级信息,提升路径规划精度。
Edge-aware Decoding for Neural Asymmetric Routing

- 设计边感知解码器,显式建模当前边、回起点闭合与轻量前瞻信息。
- 在ATSP-1000上将误差从4.13%降至2.73%,零样本泛化能力显著增强。
- 适合研究路径优化、强化学习中决策机制的开发者参考。
神经不对称路由模型通过矩阵表示和不对称注意力编码方向性,但最终路由动作并非孤立节点选择,而是基于当前部分路径的有向转移。这导致表示与决策不匹配:成对代价信息可能在上游编码,而最终候选得分仍主要依赖上下文-节点兼容性参数化。本文提出神经不对称路由的解码设计原则:最终得分应显式暴露由问题代价到终点结构提示的边级量。我们以边感知解码器实现该原则,在控制的SVD/Sinkhorn不对称骨干上,训练于ATSP-100,零样本评估于ATSP-100/200/500/1000,使ATSP-1000误差从4.13%降至2.73%。在ACVRP上,相同得分级修改也表现出一致趋势。消融实验与有向转移诊断表明,对当前有向边最敏感,闭合与静态前瞻作为启发式延续线索。结果支持机制研究:神经不对称路由中,关键解码信号是决策时刻对边级信息的显式暴露。
原文摘要 · Abstract (English)
Neural asymmetric routing models increasingly encode directionality through matrix representations and asymmetry-aware attention. The final routing action, however, is not a node in isolation but a directed transition chosen under the current partial route. This creates a representation--decision mismatch: pairwise cost information may be encoded upstream while the final candidate logit is still largely parameterized as context--node compatibility. We propose a decoder-design principle for neural asymmetric routing: the final score should explicitly expose transition-level quantities suggested by the problem's cost-to-go structure. We instantiate this principle with an edge-aware decoder that adds candidate-specific terms for the current directed edge, return-to-start closure, and static lightweight lookahead, while keeping the representation backbone fixed. On a controlled SVD/Sinkhorn asymmetric backbone, the decoder improves over the RADAR reference when trained on ATSP-100 and evaluated zero-shot on ATSP-100/200/500/1000, reducing the ATSP-1000 gap from $4.13\%$ to $2.73\%$. On ACVRP, the same score-level modification shows the same qualitative trend under a richer routing state. ATSP ablations and directed-transition diagnostics sharpen the mechanism: the strongest evidence concerns sensitivity to the current directed edge, while closure and static lookahead act as heuristic continuation cues. The results support a mechanism study: a key decoder-side signal in neural asymmetric routing is decision-time exposure of transition-level edge information.
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